Bogarín, D. 2007. A new Lycaste (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae) from Costa Rica. Lankesteriana 7(3) : 543-549.

Abstract. Lycaste bruncana from Costa Rica is described and illustrated. This species is sister to L. tricolor, its closest relative, from which is easily distinguished by the lip shape, with a narrow isthmus and spathulate midlobe, the lanate to lanulose infrastigmatic surface, the pollinarium with a longer stipe, the subrectangular pollinia and the tomentose anther cap. However, among Costa Rican species of Lycaste, the most remarkable character of L. bruncana is the twisted column, which may be indicative of a reproductive barrier. Information related to biogeography, distribution, morphology, molecular data and pollination is provided and discussed.

Resumen. Se describe e ilustra Lycaste bruncana de Costa Rica. Esta especie es hermana de L. tricolor, su pariente más cercana, de la cual se distingue fácilmente por la forma del labelo, con un istmo estrecho y el lóbulo medio espatulado, la superficie infraestigmática lanada a lanulosa, el polinario con un estípite más largo, los polinios subrectangulares y la capa de la antera tomentosa. Sin embargo, entre las especies costarricenses de Lycaste, el carácter más notable de L. bruncana es la columna torcida, la cual puede ser indicativa de una barrera reproductiva. Se proporciona y discute información relacionada con biogeografía, distribución, morfología, datos moleculares y polinización.

Key Words. Orchidaceae, Lycaste, Lycaste bruncana, new species, Costa Rica, DNA barcoding, orchid pollination.

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Lahaye, R., M. van der Bank, D. Bogarín, J. Warner, F. Pupulin, G. Gigot, O. Maurin, S. Duthoit, T. Barraclough & V. Savolainen. 2008. DNA Barcoding the Floras of Biodiversity Hotspots. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:2923–2928.

Abstract. DNA barcoding is a technique in which species identification is performed by using DNA sequences from a small fragment of the genome, with the aim of contributing to a wide range of ecological and conservation studies in which traditional taxonomic identification is not practical. DNA barcoding is well established in animals, but there is not yet any universally accepted barcode for plants. Here, we undertook intensive field collections in two biodiversity hotspots (Mesoamerica and southern Africa). Using >1,600 samples, we compared eight potential barcodes. Going beyond previous plant studies, we assessed to what extent a ‘‘DNA barcoding gap’’ is present between intra- and interspecific variations, using multiple accessions per species. Given its adequate rate of variation, easy amplification, and alignment, we identified a portion of the plastid matK gene as a universal DNA barcode for flowering plants. Critically, we further demonstrate the applicability of DNA barcoding for biodiversity inventories. In addition, analyzing>1,000 species of Mesoamerican orchids, DNA barcoding with matK alone reveals cryptic species and proves useful in identifying species listed in Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES) appendixes.

Key Words. CITES, Kruger National Park, Mesoamerica, DN Bracoding.

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