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List of basionyms of the orchid flora of Panama

Listado de basiónimos de la flora de orquídeas de Panamá

Acineta mireyae G.Gerlach & M.H.Weber, J. Orchideenfr. 10(3): 230. 2003.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: El Valle de Antón, Jun 2000, A. Maduro 330 (holotype, PMA; isotype, M).

Acineta sella-turcica Rchb.f., Bot. Zeit. (Berlin) 10: 705. 1852.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cordillereuketten. Juli. 6 -8000', J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W; drawings of type, K, AMES).

Acostaea bicornis Luer, Phytologia 54: 379. 1983. = Specklinia bicornis (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Panama: Epiphytic in cloud forest, Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 2 Mar 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Taylor & R. Dressler 744 (holotype, SEL).

Acostaea unicornis Luer, Phytologia 54: 379. 1983. = Specklinia unicornis (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: Epiphytic in cloud forest above El Valle, alt. 1000 m, 6 Mar 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.L. Dressler & P. Taylor 760 (holotype, SEL).

Acronia folsomii Luer & Endara, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 134. 2005. = Pleurothallis folsomii (Luer & Endara) J.M.H.Shaw
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Colorado, along ridge road near border with Bocas del Toro, 1400-1700 m, 24 Oct 1977, J.A. Folsom 6096 (holotype, MO).

Acronia orygmoglossa Luer & Dressler, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 167. 2005. Pleurothallis orymoglossa (Luer & Dressler) J.M.H.Shaw
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Camp Hornito. Fortuna dam site, 1000-1200 m, 13 Aug 1976, R.L. Dressler 5351 (holotype, SEL).

Acrorchis roseola Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 12: 14. 1990.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Colorado, approx. 1650 m, 15 Feb 1985, R.L. Dressler 6103 (holotype, MO; isotypes, MO, AMO, F, FLAS, PMA, US).

Ancipitia dressleri Kolan. & Szlach., Richardiana 14: 104. 2014. = Pleurothallis dressleriana Bogarín
TYPE: Panama. San Blas/Darién: mountains between Tubualá (San Blas) and Masargandi (Darién), 400-500 m, 2 Feb 1997, R. L. Dressler 5591 (holotype, FLAS).

Aspasia epidendroides Lindl., J. Bot. (Hooker) 1: 6. 1834.
TYPE: Habitat in Panama et Columbia occidentali, Cuming 1297 (holotype, K).

Aspasia principissa Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 637. 1852.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas, J. Warscewicz s.n. (holotype, W; drawing of type, AMES).

Aspasia pusilla C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 10: 21. 1941. = Cischweinfia pusilla (C.Schweinf.) Dressler & N.H.Williams
TYPE: Panama. Darien Province: Chepigana District, Cana Cuasi Trail (Camp 2), epiphyte "4 to 8 inches high ", at 2000 feet altitude, March 11, 1940, M.E. & R.A. Terry 1502 (holotype, AMES; isotypes, AMES, F, MO).

Aspasia rousseauae Schltr., Gartenflora 71: 76. 1922. = Aspasia principissa Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. Mrs. Rousseau s.n. (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype cited by Mora de Retana (1993), illustration in Gartenflora 72: t. 10 (1922)).

Barbosella circinata Luer, Selbyana 3(3/4): 204. 1977.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in the cloud forest along the continental divide, above Camp Escopeta, Cerro Colorado, alt. 1700 m, 16 Feb 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & R.L. Dressler 1575 (holotype, SEL).

Barbosella orbicularis Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 10. 1976.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic, La Eneida, region of Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 25 Dec 1967, R. L. Dressler 3285 (holotype, SEL).

Baskervilla stenopetala Dressler, Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 5: 70. 1998.
TYPE: Panama. Darién: Cerro Pirre, 1050-1400 m, 10 Nov 1977, flowers very pale green, J. Folsom s.n. (holotype, MO).

Bletia purpurea var. pittieri Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 50. 1922. = Bletia purpurea (Lam.) A.DC.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama-City, C.W. Powell 128 (holotype, B, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), K; isolectotype, AMES).

Brachionidium calypso Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 24. 1995.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: La Chumblada above Guadalupe, 15 July 1979, R.L. Dressler 5838 (holotype, MO).

Brachionidium dentatum Luer & Dressler, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 34. 1995.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: above Cerro Punta, alt. ca. 2800 m, collected and cultivated by A. Maduro, flowered in cultivation at Cerro Punta, July 1979, R.L. Dressler s.n. (holotype, MO).

Brachionidium dressleri Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 40. 1995.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: La Chumbada, above Guadalupe, 15 July 1979, R. L. Dressler 5837 (holotype, MO).

Brachionidium folsomii Dressler, Orquideologia 15: 154. 1982.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: vertiente norte del Alto del Calvario, al norte del Aserradero El Copé, aprox. 9 km al norte de El Copé, elev. 800-850 m, 23 Feb 1982, R.L. Dressler 6032 (holotype, US; isotype, PMA).

Brachionidium lucanoideum Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 78. 1995.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: elfin forest along the ridge of the continental divide northeast of Cerro Pate Macho above Palo Alto, alt. 2200 m, 24 Apr 1982, S. Knapp & R. Schmalzel 4829 (holotype, MO; isotype, AMES, K, US).

Brachionidium peltarion Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 92-93. 1995.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: Cerro Gaital, mesa north of El Valle de Antón, near western peak, alt. ca. 900 m, 14 Mar 1981, R.L. Dressler & E. Hagsater 6005 (holotype, MO).

Brachionidium polypodium Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 98. 1995.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Colorado, alt. 1400 m, growing in dense moss on side of tree, 25 Jul 1979, T. Antonio 1413 (holotype, MO).

Brachionidium satyreum Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 112. 1995.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Trocha 3 de noviembre, near Paso de la Zorra over the continental divide, alt. 1500 m, 5 April 1977, R.L. Dressler, K. Dressler & N. H. Williams 5809 (holotype, MO).

Brassia allenii L.O.Williams ex C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 13: 145. 1948.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: summit of Cerro Campana near Campana, ca. 1000 m alt., in cloud forest, 2 Oct 1947, P.H. Allen 5150 (holotype, AMES).

Brassia longissima (Rchb.f.) Nash var. minor Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 80. 1922. = Brassia caudata (L.) Lindl.
TYPE: Panama. auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 72 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23903; isolectotypes, K, MO-955925).

Brevilongium allenianum Szlach. & Kolan., Pl. Biosystems 148(5-6): 1152. 2014. = Otoglossum globuliferum (Kunth) N.H. Williams & M.W. Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, Fortuna Field Station, Samudio Trail, 27 Set. 1996, D.W.Roubik 215 (holotype, PMA, isotype, PMA).

Bulbophyllum wagneri Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 142. 1921. = Bulbophyllum pachyrachis (A.Rich.) Griseb.
SYNTYPES: Panama. Muame and Gorgone, in Januar 1858, M. Wagner s.n. (B, destroyed). Panama. vicinity of San Felix, eastern Chiriquí, 0-120 m, Dec 1911, H. Pittier 5285 (B, destroyed), lectotype designated by Hamer & Garay (1995) [1997].
                                  
Camaridium affine Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 72. 1922. = Camaridium ochroleucum Lindl.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 7 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23884; isolectotypes, AMES-43843, MO-955879; drawing of type, AMES-26830; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 66, nr. 264].).

Camaridium arachnites Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 73. 1922. = Camaridium ctenostachys (Rchb.f.) Schltr.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, c. 4000 Fuss ü. M., C.W. Powell 210 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23886; isolectotypes, AMES-23885, AMES-30308, AMES-30309, AMES-30310, MO-956027; drawing of type, AMES-26893; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 67, nr. 265].).

Camaridium grandiflorum Ames, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 149. 1921. nom. illeg. hom. = Camaridium ampliflorum (C.Schweinf.) M.A.Blanco
TYPE: Panama. Chirirquí: in humid forest of the Cordillera, east of the Río Caldera, 17-19 Feb 1918, 2000 m alt., P. Killip 3565 (holotype, AMES; isotype, AMES, US; photo of isotype ex US, AMES).

Camaridium latifolium Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 74. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 8 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES; isolectotypes, AMES, K-K000079347, K-K000079346, MO, S-0707871, S-0707870; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 68, nr. 269].).

Campylocentrum dressleri H.Dietr. & M.A.Díaz, Orchidee (Hamburg) 35(1): 28–30, f. 1984. = Campylocentrum tyrridion Garay & Dunst.
TYPE: Panama. Darién: margins of the Tschkonake river, 5 km W of Yavisa, tropical rain forest, April 1980, flowering in cultivation in Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba, May 1983, J. Bisse, A. Álvarez & A. Díaz s.n. sub H. Dietrich s.n. (holotype, HAJB).

Campylocentrum panamense Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 88. 1922.
TYPE: [Panama]. In woods near Gatún, on trees, Jan 10, 1860, Sutton Hayes 958 (holotype, NY; illustration of type, AMES).

Campylocentrum peniculus Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 91. 1922. = Campylocentrum micranthum (Lindl.) Maury
TYPE: Panama. auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 184 (holotype,B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23936; detail of type, AMES; drawing of type, AMES-26798, isolectotype, MO-956017; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 80, nr. 318].).

Campylocentrum tenellum Todzia, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 72: 877. 1985.
TYPE: Panama. Panama. La Eneida, region of Cerro Jefe, 26 Oct 1969, R.L Dressler 3758 (holotype, CR; isotype, CR).

Catasetum warczewitzii Lindl. & Paxton, Paxton's Fl. Gard. 1: 45. 1850. Clowesia warczewitzii (Lindl. & Paxton) Dodson
TYPE: A most fragrant terrestrial orchid from Panama. Introduced by Mr. Skinner. Flowers pale green. Discovered by Warczewitz; blossomed at Penllergaré in April with J. D. Llewelyn, Esq. (holotype, K).
                                                            
Cattleya skinneri var. autumnalis P.H.Allen ex L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 345. 1942. = Guarianthe patinii (Cogn.) Dressler & W.E. Higgins
TYPE: Panama. vicinity of Bejuca, alt. ca. 30 m, 15 Aug 1941, P. H. Allen 2668 (holotype, AMES; isotypes, AMES-217940, AMES-217941, AMES-217942).

Chondrorhyncha crassa Dressler, Orchidee (Hamb.) 34: 222. 1983. = Daiotyla crassa (Dressler) Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Fortuna Valley, north side of river near La Sierpe, 11 May 1982, flowered in cult. 20 May through July, R.L. Dressler 6055 (holotype, US; isotype, PMA).

Chondrorhyncha eburnea Dressler, Orchidee (Hamburg) 34: 224. 1983. = Chondroscaphe eburnea (Dressler) Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: Cerro Caracoral, hills north of El Valle de Antón, ca. 850 m, 9 July 1982, R.L. Dressler 6070 (holotype, US; isoytpe, PMA).

Chondrorhyncha lipscombiae Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 133. = Warczewiczella lipscombiae (Rolfe) Fowlie
TYPE: Panama. "It was found by … Mr. Lancelot Lipscomb, when helping to clear some bush for rubber and cocoa planting, and was sent home with a good many other in 1910", flowered in the collection of Mrs. Lipscomb, Milton Grove, Wimbledon, Dec. 1911, Lipscomb s.n. (holotype, K).

Chondroscaphe atrilinguis Dressler, Orquideología 22(1): 16. 2001.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: floreció en cultivo, 8 Sept. 2000, R.L. Dressler 6289 (holotype, MO).

Chysis pluricostata Dressler, Orquideología 24(2): 142. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Darién: cerca de Metetí, de Porfirio Martínez, prensado de cultivo, 8 Jun 2005, M. Whitten 2968 (holotype, PMA).

Chysis violacea Dressler, Orquideología 22(3): 237. 2003.
TYPE: Panama, prov. Panama, Dist. de Chimán, Río Tuti, Cerro Chucantí, creciendo en risco, colectado por Neal G. Smith; preparado de cultivo Sept. 2001, R. L. Dressler 6340 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA; clonotype, SEL; photo of type).

Cischweinfia nana Dressler, Selbyana 22(1): 9. 2001.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Camp Hornito, Fortuna dam site, 82º10'W, 8º44'N, elev. 1000-1200 m, 17 September 1977, R.L. Dressler 5700 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Cischweinfia pusilla subsp. furcata Dressler & Dalström, Selbyana 25(1): 5. 2004.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: EI Pantano, N.E. of Santa Fe; flowered in cult. 16 Oct. 2002, R.L. Dressler 6396A (holotype, MO).

Cischweinfia sheehaniae Christenson, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 72: 126. 2003. = Cischweinfia pusilla (C.Schweinf.) Dressler & N.H.Williams
TYPE: Hort. Andy's Orchids (2553): Panama and Colombia, but may also occur in Costa Rica, Christenson 2057 (holotype, NY).
                                             
Coccineorchis cristata Szlach., Rutk. & Mytnik, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 41(6): 482. 2004
TYPE: Panama. Panama: Cerro Jefe, ca. 800 m, 16 Dec 1972, R.L. Dressler 4233 (holotype, FLAS).

Coccineorchis dressleri Szlach., Rutk. & Mytnik, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 41(6): 481. 2004
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Hornito, 1700 m, 14 Dec 1976, C.A. Luer, J. Luer, R.L. Dressler & N.H. Williams 1322 (holotype, SEL).

Cochleanthes anatona Dressler, Orchidee (Hamburg) 34: 160. 1983. = Euryblema anatonum (Dressler) Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Coclé, near Aserradero El Copé; ca. 8 km. NO of El Copé, 750-850 m, very wet cloud forest, 1 September 1977, epiphyte, R.L. Dressler 5690 (holotype, US; isotype, PMA).

Cocleorchis sarcoglottidis Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 39: 558-560. 1994. = Cyclopogon dressleri Szlach.
TYPE: Panama. Cocle: El Cope, Atlantic slope E of sawmill, high ridge E of sawmill, 26 Feb 1979, B.E. Hammel 6275 (holotype, MO; isotype, MO).

Coeliopsis hyacinthosma Rchb. f., Gard. Chron. 9. 1872.
TYPE: Panama. Flowered in the garden of W. Wilson Saunders, who got it from Panama, W. Wilson Saunders s.n. (holotype, W; illustration of type, AMES).

Condylago furculifera Dressler & Bogarín, Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(1): 2. 2007. = Stelis furculifera (Dressler & Bogarín) Bogarín
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: Chilagro, near Cerro Arizona, west of Santa Fé, 1000–1200 m, flowered in cultivation at Finca Dracula, Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, 14 December 2006, R. L. Dressler 6835 (holotype, PMA; isotype, JBL-spirit).

Coryanthes hunteriana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 63. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. An Wasserläufen zwischen Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 19 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-26894; isolectotypes, AMES-25007, AMES-25008, AMES-31853[?], AMES-s.n. [?], K, MO-955890; illustration of type, AMES).

Coryanthes maduroana G.Gerlach, Lankesteriana 4(1): 70. 2004.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: El Valle de Antón, floreció en cultivo en Panama, 4 de deciembre 2002, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 512 (holotype, PMA).

Coryanthes panamensis G.Gerlach, Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 83: 141. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Kanal Zone, Rio Piedras, kultiviert in Botanischen Garten Heidelberg unter der Nr. O-18594, H.G. Seeger O-18594 (holotype, HEID).

Coryanthes powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 64. 1922. = Coryanthes hunteriana Schltr.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama-City, C.W. Powell 156 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), K; isolectotype, AMES-26893).

Crossoglossa bifida Dressler, Orquideología 20: 255. 1997.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: Cerro Jefe, 22 Sept. 1970; on mossy trunk in cloud forest; sepals and petals pale green, lip orange-tan; R.L. Dressler 3890 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Crossoglossa elliptica Dressler, Orquideología 20: 256, fig. 1997.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: near Aserradero El Copé, ca. 8 km N of El Copé, Jan 1978, J.P. Folsom s.n. (holotype, MO; isotype, FLAS).

Cryptocentrum caespitosum Carnevali, Harvard Pap. Bot. 5(2): 472. 2001.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: North rim of El Valle, 9 July 1939, P.H. Allen 1911 (holotype, US; isotypes, AMES, F, MO, NY, SEL, VEN).

Cryptophoranthus lepidotus L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 340. 1942. = Zootrophion gracilentum (Rchb.f.) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: trail to Las Minas, hills north of El Valle de Antón, alt. ca. 1000 m, 1 Sep 1941, epiphytic, lower sides of many leaves deep purple, flowers white with very heavy purple stripes, P. H. Allen 2718 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Cryptophoranthus powellii Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 4: 8. 1925. = Dresslerella powellii (Ames) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Foothills east of Panama. Grows in shady places. Leaves dark velvety green, lying flat on the limbs of trees. Flowers in February. Sea level. C.W. Powell 278 (holotype, AMES [not located]; isotype, MO).

Cyclopogon dressleri Szlach., Novon 4: 172-173. 1994.
TYPE: Panama. Cocle: upper Rio Blanco, NW of El Cope (Caribbean slope), 600-800 m, R.L. Dressler 5986 (holotype, FLAS).

Cycnoches dianae Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 636. 1852.
TYPE: Mittelamerika. J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Cycnoches guttulatum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 56. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama-City, C.W. Powell 14 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23843; isolectotypes, K, MO-955885; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 61, nr. 242].).

Cycnoches pachydactylon Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 57. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, c. 5000 fuss u.m., am Vulkan, C.W. Powell 159 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), K; drawing of type, AMES-26807; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 61, nr. 243].).

Cycnoches powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 58. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Ohne nähere Herkunftsangabe, C.W. Powell 111 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), drawing of type, AMES-26761).

Cycnoches stenodactylon Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 59. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, 3000-3500 fuss um.m., C.W. Powell 173 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), K; drawing of type, AMES-26823; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 61, nr. 244].).

Cycnoches warszewiczii Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 734. 1852.
TYPE: [Panama]: Chiriquí, J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Cypripedium dariense Rchb.f., Gard. Chron., n.s., 9: 202. 1878. = Phragmipedium longifolium (Warsz. & Rchb.f.) Rolfe
TYPE: [Panama]. (holotype, W).

Cypripedium humboldtii Warsz., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 691. 1852. = Phragmipedium humboldtii (Warsz. ex Rchb.f.) J.T.Atwood & Dressler
TYPE: Panama. In Quercubus montium Chiriquí; lectotype designated by Atwood & Dressler (1998), W: "Mai Juni Juli [1848–1851]/Cordill. Chiriquí", J. Warszewicz 41, W).

Diacrium bilamellatum var. reichenbachiana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17:47. 1922. = Caularthron bilamellatum (Rchb.f.) R.E.Schult.
TYPE: Panama. von Panama längs der pazifischen Küste ziemlich haufig, C.W. Powell 67 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23966; isolectotype, AMES-23965).

Dichaea dressleri Folsom, Novon 16(3): 336. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: forest near Fortuna Lake, just beyond bridge, 1100 m, 9 Apr. 1995, J.P. Folsom11278A (holotype, PMA; isotypes, HNT, MO).

Dichaea eligulata Folsom, Orchid Digest 58(4): 185–186. 1994.
TYPE: Costa Rica[or adjacent Panama]. locality of original collection unknown--growing on trees at Las Cruces Botanical Garden, probably collected in Costa Rica or adjacent Panama, 8 Jul 1981, J.R. Folsom 10261 (holotype, CR; isotype, TEX).

Dichaea elliptica Dressler & Folsom, Lankesteriana 3: 25. 2002.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé, Aserradero El Copé, ca. 8 km N of El Copé, 800-900 m, 9-10 April 1977, R.L. Dressler 5641 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Dichaea obovatipetala Folsom, Orchid Digest 58: 186. 1994.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: 15 km N of border with Chiriquí, road from Fortuna to Chiriquí Grande, 100 m, 10 Apr 1985, J.P. Folsom 11302M (holotype, PMA; isotypes, HNT, TEX).

Dichaea panamensis Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 209. 1833.
TYPE: Hab. in Panama, et Columbia occidentali, H. Cuming 1292 (holotype, K).

Dichaea powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 90. 1922. = Dichaea trulla Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama, auf Hügeln bei Alt. Bohio, unweit Panama City, in einem Tal., C. W. Powell 23 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES; drawing of type, AMES-26859; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 79, nr. 316].).

Dichaea retroflexiligula Folsom, Orchid Digest 58: 187. 1994.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: 12 km N of Chiriquí border, en route to Chiriquí Grande, 340 m, 10 Apr 1985, J.P. Folsom 11301K (holotype, PMA; isotypes, HNT, PMA, TEX).

Dichaea violacea Folsom, Orchid Digest 58: 190. 1994.
Type: Panama. Cocle: at continental divide, 7 km N of El Cope, 850-950 m, 6 Apr 1985, J.P. Folsom 11283MM (holotype, PMA; isotypes, HNT, TEX).

Dimerandra isthmi Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 44. 1922. = Dimerandra emarginata (G.Mey.) Hoehne
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 17 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23816; isolectotypes, K, MO, S; drawing of type, AMES-26749; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 59, nr. 235].).

Dracula agnosia A.Doucette, Phytotaxa 56: 23. 2012.
Panama. Chiriquí: Guadalupe, gathered from material cultivated at Finca Dracula, 1 Nov 2011, A. Doucette 4011 (holotype, BH; isotypes, PMA, WIS).

Dracula immunda A.Doucette, Phytotaxa 16: 38. 2011.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: gathered from material cultivated at Finca Dracula, reported from the Province of Veraguas from cloud forest above Santa Fé, A. Doucette 3389 (holotype, BH; isotype, PMA; photo of type).

Dracula maduroi Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 234. 2004.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Velorio area, alt. 1100-1500 m, 10 August 2003, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 410 (holotype, MO).

Dracula olmosii Luer & Maduro, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 136. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: alt. 2000 m, collected by E. Olmos, 1994, cultivated at Finca Dracula, Cerro Punta, C. Luer 18990 (holotype, MO).

Dresslerella elvallensis Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 2. 1976.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic in the cloud forest in the hills above El Valle, ca. 1000 m, 6 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Taylor & R.L. Dressler 1079 (holotype, SEL, not located; clonotype, K).

Dressleria allenii H.G.Hills, Lindleyana 15(3): 171. 2000.
TYPE: Panama. Without locality, N.H. Williams field collection, ex hort. Selby Gardens living accession 76-56-19, 18 Sep 1978, J. Ackerman 1336 (holotype, SEL).

Dressleria kerryae H.G.Hills, Lindleyana 15(3): 175. 2000.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. Panama: Cerro Jefe, 1968, R.L. Dressler 3515 (holotype, FLAS).

Dressleria severiniana H.G.Hills, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 62: 616, figs. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. Coclé: El Valle de Antón, leg. R.L. Dressler, 12 May 1990, hort. FLAS #F1757, H.G. Hills 90015 (holotype, AMES).

Dryadella butcheri Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 160. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: without locality, collected by H. Butcher, flowered in cultivation by P. & A. Jesup in Bristol, CT., 10 December 1988, C. Luer 13804A (holotype, MO).

Dryadella dressleri Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 162. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Canal Zone: epiphytic in forest along Río Piedras near Colón, alt. ca. 100 m, collected by R.L. Dressler, cultivated in Balboa, 18 Feb. 1985, C. Luer 10627 (holotype, MO).

Dryadella odontostele Luer, Lindleyana 11: 54, fig. 1996.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: Cerro Jefe, epiphytic, alt. ca. 1000 m, 22 Sep 1972, A. Gentry 6178 (holotype, MO).

Dryadella sororcula Luer, Lindleyana 11: 56, fig. 1996.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: epiphytic in tall, wet forest between Fortuna and Chiriquí Grande, alt. 350 m, 17 Feb 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Dressler & K. Dressler 10606 (holotype, MO).

Elleanthus capitatellus Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 11(2): 143. 2004.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: Area of El Valle de Antón, flowered in cult. 3 July 2003, R.L. Dressler 6387 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Elleanthus decipiens Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 11(2): 146. 2004.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, along trail to summit ridge of Cerro Pate Macho, ca. 6-8 km NE of Boquete, cloud forest and wind-swept ridge, corolla cream, pollinarium purple, infrequent at summit, elev. 1750-2100 m, 13 Mar 1988, T.F. Daniel, F. Almeda & G. McPherson 5574 (holotype, CAS).

Elleanthus laxus Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 213. 1913. = Elleanthus lancifolius C.Presl.
TYPE: Panama. Cerro de Garagara, Samba basin (Süddarien) zwischen 500 und 974 m, blühend im Feb 1911, H. Pittier 5640 (holotype, B, destroyed; drawing of type, AMES).

Elleanthus stolonifer Barringer, Brittonia 37: 287. 1985.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. Chiriquí: La Fortuna Hydroelectric project, in cloud forest on ridge behind camp, 1300-1400 m, 23 Mar 1978, B. Hammel 2280 (holotype, MO).

Elleanthus trilobatus Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 53. 1925. = Elleanthus longibracteatus (Lindl. ex Griseb.) Fawc.
TYPE: Panama. San Juan. Epiphyte at sea level. April 1923, C.W. Powell 3267 (Hort. Powell 97) (holotype, AMES).

Encyclia atropurpurea var. leucantha Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 45. 1922. = Encyclia cordigera(Kunth) Dressler
TYPE: Panama. sehr selten auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 149 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23942, isolectotypes, K, MO-955992).

Encyclia atropurpurea Schltr. var. rhodoglossa Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 45. 1922. = Encyclia cordigera
TYPE: Panama. sehr häufig auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 80 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23940; isolectotypes, AMES-23941, K).

Encyclia elegantula Dressler, Orchid Digest 68(4): 244. 2004.
TYPE: Panama. Panama, Altos de Pacora, 930 m, cloud forest, 18 Sept 2002, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 303 (holotype, MO).

Encyclia fortunae Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 7: 359. 1980. = Prosthechea fortunae (Dressler) W.E.Higgins
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: near Camp Hornito, Fortuna dam site, 82°13 ' W, 8°44 ' N, 1000-1400 m, 27 Sept. 1976, R.L. Dressler 5520 (holotype, US; isotype, PMA).

Encyclia hunteriana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 46. 1922. = Encyclia stellata (Lindl.) Schltr.
TYPE: Panama. Bei David, im Chiriquí-Distrikt, etwa in Meereshöhe, C.W. Powell 84 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23937; drawing, AMES; isolectotypes, AMES-955939, K, MO).

Encyclia powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 46. 1922. = Encyclia ceratistes (Lindl.) Schltr.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí-Bezirk; 4000-5000 fuss, C.W. Powell 83 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1987), AMES-23812; isolectotypes, AMES-26874, AMES-27875, K, MO-955937, MO-955938).

Encyclia silverarum Leopardi & Carnevali, Phytotaxa 183 (3): 161. 2014.
TYPE: Panama. Panamá: Capira, Bajo Bonito, 13 April 2012, G. & K. Silvera, s.n. (holotype, PMA).

Encyclia sima Dressler, Orquideología 4: 91, fig. 1969. = Prosthechea sima (Dressler) W.E.Higgins
TYPE: Panama. Panama, Cerro Jefe, 12 Nov 1967. Selva nublada a aprox. 950 m, R. L. Dressler 3160 (holotype, US; isotypes, MO, PMA).

Epidanthus crassus Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 9: 15. 1983. = Epidendrum insolatum Barringer
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: al norte del Asserradero El Copé, 9-10 km al norte de El Copé, vertiente del Atlático, elev. 800-850m, selva de neblina muy húmeda, 1 Sep 1977, epífita, R.L. Dressler 5686 (holotype, US; isotypes, F, MO, PMA).

Epidendrum acrostigma Hágsater & García-Cruz, Icon. Orchid. 3(2): t. 301. 1999. = Epidendrum gibbosum L.O.Williams
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: W end of high N of Barú summit, ca. 3000 m, col. 8 Apr. 1979, B. Hammel 6910, W. D'Arcy, E. C. Hills, S. Schwartz & O. &. H. Wolcott (holotype, AMO; isotype, MO).

Epidendrum alanjense Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 1: 13. 1922. = Encyclia stellata (Lindl.) Schltr.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Alanje, H. Pittier s.n. (holotype, US).

Epidendrum allenii L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 418. 1941.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic, leaves and stem red, sepals and petals pale pink, labellum white, hills north of El Valle de Antón, ca. 1000 m, 14 Jul 1940, P. Allen 2203 (holotype, AMES).

Epidendrum amandum Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 4: 36. 1923. = Encyclia chloroleuca (Hook.) Neumann
TYPE: Panama. foothills east of Panama. Flowers in January and February, sea level, C.W. Powell 271 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Epidendrum antonense Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 2: 108 fig. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Colón: near Río Guanche, 10 Aug 1971, R.L. Dressler 4071 (holotype, AMO).

Epidendrum atropurpureum var. laciniatum Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 63. 1935. = Encyclia cordigera
TYPE: Panama, foothills east of the city. “Sepals and petals are the same as Epid. atropurpureum, lip is a pink with dentate or notehed margin, the lateral lobes are very small and do not meet over the column. color rose pink.” At sea-level. C. W. Powell 287 (holotype, AMES).

Epidendrum bilamellatum Rchb.f. in W.G.Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 345. 1862. = Caularthron bilamellatum (Rchb.f.) R.E.Schult.
SYNTYPES: [Venezuela]. Wagener s.n. (syntype, W; fragment of syntype, AMES), [Panama] P. Chagres, Behr s.n. (syntype, W).

Epidendrum bisulcatum Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 5: 24. 1923.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Palo Alto Hill, 6000 feet altitude, February to March 1923, C.W. Powell 280 (holotype, AMES; isotype, AMES).

Epidendrum brachybotrys Ackerman & Montalvo, Selbyana 9: 129. 1986.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: N of El Copé, near sawmill, edge of continental divide, elev. 1,200-1,400 m, windward slope, 22 Jan 1980, A. Montalvo 383 (holotype, SEL).

Epidendrum brassavolae Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 729. 1852. = Prosthechea brassavolae (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí Vulcan. 8000', J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Epidendrum brevicaule Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 30. 1922. = Epidendrum schlechterianum Ames
TYPE: Panama. hills east of the [PanamaJ City, at sea level, C. W. Powell 18 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23944; isolectotypes, K, MO-955889, S; illustration of type, AMES; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 47, nr. 187].). Superfluously designated by Santiago & Hágsater (2007), MO-955889.

Epidendrum bugabense Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 2: 115. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Distrito Bugaba: Cerro Punta, 8º52'N, 82º33'W, 2200 m, along ridge to watershed to Bocas del Toro, 26 January 1985, H. van der Werff & J. Herrera 6427 (holotype, AMO; isotypes, MO, PMA).

Epidendrum caligarium Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1869: 1110. 1869.
TYPE: New Granada. Wentworth W. Buller s.n. (holotype, W; isotypes, K, W; drawing of type, AMES).

Epidendrum caluerorum Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 2: 116. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: north of El Copé, 700 m, vertiente atlántica, preparado de material cultivado 23 junio 1986, R.L Dressler sub E. Hágsater 6299 (holotype, AMO).

Epidendrum campylostalix Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 730. 1852. = Prosthechea campylostalix (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins
SYNTYPES: "Costa Rica und Chiriquí"; Costa Rica, Warszewicz s.n. (W; isosyntype, K); Panama. Chiriquí, J. Warszewicz s.n. (W).

Epidendrum chiriquense Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 730. 1852. = Prosthechea varicosa (Bateman ex Lindl.) W.E.Higgins
TYPE: Costa Rica un [Panama] Chiriquí, J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Epidendrum chlorocorymbos Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 30. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Am Gatun-See, unweit Panama-City, C.W. Powell 82 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23950, illustration of type, AMES-26780; isolectotypes BM, K, MO-955935; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 48, nr. 190].).

Epidendrum centropetalum Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 732. 1852.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Vulkan, 4000', J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Epidendrum cirrhochiloides Hágsater & E.Santiago, Icon. Orchid. 11: t. 1112. 2008.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: Continental Divide above El Copé, 650-750 m, 27 Nov 1985, G. de Nevers, A. Henderson, H. Herrera, G. McPherson & L. Brako 6396 (holotype, MO; isotype, AMO).

Epidendrum cocleense Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 4: 6. 1936. = Epidendrum guanacastense Ames & C.Schweinf.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: lower portion of valley and marshes along R. Antón, alt. 500 m, Feb 1935, A.A. Hunter & P.H. Allen 389 (holotype, AMES; isotypes, BM, BR, CAS, F, G, K, MICH, MO, NY, P, S, SEL, U, UC, US).

Epidendrum colonense Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 1: 14. 1922. = Epidendrum sculptum Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. Colón: Río Indio de Fató, near sea level, 24 Aug 1911, H. Pittier 4265 (holotype, US; illustration of type, AMES).

Epidendrum coriifolium var. purpurascens Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 31. 1922 2490 = Epidendrum allochronum Hágsater
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, 3800-4500', C.W. Powell 119 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23949; isolectotype, K; photo and drawing, AMES). Superfluously designated by Hágsater (1993).

Epidendrum croatii Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 3(2): t. 328. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: north slope and summit od Cerro Pilón, 900-1173 m, 16 Mar 1973, T.B. Croat 23240 (holotype, MO).

Epidendrum cryptanthum L.O.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 11: [249], tab. 7. 1942.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: hills north of El Valle de Antón, epiphytic, alt. 800-1000 m., 21 Nov 1942, P.H. Allen 2262 (holotype, AMES).

Epidendrum curvicolumna Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 67. 1935. = Epidendrum simulacrum Ames
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: "Lino Hill," at 4000-4500 ft. alt. Grows in exposed places in considerable sun. Flowers green. Flowers May-July, C.W. Powell 296 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Epidendrum curvisepalum Hágsater & Dressler, Icon. Orchid. 2: 125 fig. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Colorado, about 50 km north of San Félix, ca. 1400 m, 17 Aug 1975, R.L. Dressler 5087 (holotype, AMO).

Epidendrum cycnostalix Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 731. 1852. = Epidendrum stamfordianum Bateman
TYPE: Pamama. Chiriquí, J. Warscewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Epidendrum cymbiglossum Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 2: 126 fig. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Distr. Bugaba: Santa Clara, 8º50'N, 82º44'W, to Cerro Pando, H. van der Werff & J. Herrera 7186 (holotype, SEL).

Epidendrum dariense Hágsater, Kolan. & L.Sánchez, Icon. Orchid. 14(10): t. 1421. 2013.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. Darién: About 10 km from Pavarandó, about 150-200 m, 29 March 2012, M. Kolanowska 410, (holotype, AMO; isotype, UGDA, flower in spirit).

Epidendrum dentilobum Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 69. 1935.
TYPE: Panama. range of hills back of San Juan, upper reaches of the Chagres River. About sea-level. Late September, C.W. Powell 342 (holotype, AMES).

Epidendrum dosbocasense Hágsater, Orquídea (Mexico City) 12: 282. 1992.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: Guabal, Río Dos Bocas, about 16 km NW of Santa Fé, ca. 500 m., 15-16 Nov 1974, R.L. Dressler 4814 (holotype, AMO; isotypes, MO, PMA).

Epidendrum dunnii A.D.Hawkes, Orchid J. 1: 39. 1952. = Epidendrum pansamalae Schltr.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé, rain forest on side of Cerro Grande at headwaters of Río Ceri, 2000 ft. alt., 15 Oct 1950, H.A. Dunn s.n. (Alex D. Hawkes 2392) (holotype, UC).

Epidendrum dwyeri Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 2: 130 fig. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Boquete, Cerro Horqueta, 5000-6000 ft, 8 Aug 1967, J.D. Dwyer & S.M.V. Hayden 7733 (holotype, MO).

Epidendrum dwyerioides Hágsater & E.Santiago, Icon. Orchid. 9: t. 929. 2007.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Changuinola, Sierra Madre, 2200 m, 5 Mar 2000, Jardín Finca Drácula 483 y 476, E. Olmos & J. Nuñez 202 (holotype, AMO).

Epidendrum elephantinum Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 7: t. 734. 2005.
TYPE: Panama. Darién: Parque Nacional del Darién W slope of Cerro Mali, on ridge between N & S branches of Río Púcuro; ca. 18 km E of Púcuro, 8º4'N 77º16'W, 1000-1200 m., 22 Oct 1987, B. Hammel, G. de Nevers, H. Cuadros & H. Herrera 16421 (holotype, MO).

Epidendrum ellipsophyllum L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 419, tab. 22, fig. 1, 2. 1941.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic, flowers green, hills north of El Valle de Antón, 1000 m alt., 23 Jun 1940, P. Allen 2178 (holotype, AMES).

Epidendrum erythrostigma Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 3(2): t. 331. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, northwest of Cerro Punta, at INRENARE station in Parque Amistad, 8º54'N, 82º35'W, 2300 m, 17 Oct 1992, M. Richardson sub G. McPherson 15905 (holotype, AMO; isotypes, MO, PMA).

Epidendrum flexuosissimum C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 14: 55, tab. 14. 1949.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé, Cerro Pajita, hills north of El Valle, at 1100 m. alt., 27 Oct 1946, Paul H. Allen 3780 (holotype, AMES; isotypes, BM, G, MO).

Epidendrum folsomii Hágsater & E.Santiago, Icon. Orchid. 8: 832. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: sawmill 7 km NE of El Copé, 1800 ft., 22 Jun 1979, T. Antonio 1123 (holotype, AMO).

Epidendrum fortunae Hágsater & Dressler, Icon. Orchid. 8: 833. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Boquete, Fortuna dam site, epiphytic, in cloud forest, 10 Feb 1985, H. van der Werff & Cor van Hardeveld 6855 (holotype, AMO; isotype, MO).

Epidendrum fragrans var. pachypus Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 32. 1922. = Prosthechea fragrans (Sw.) W.E. Higgins
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: ca. 4000 ft, C.W. Powell 208  (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23961; isolectotype, MO-956025).

Epidendrum fuscopurpureum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 32. 1922. = Epidendrum coriifolium Lindl.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, c. 4500', blühend im Oktober, C.W. Powell 257 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), photograph at AMES-39206).

Epidendrum galeochilum Hágsater & Dressler, Icon. Orchid. 7: t. 738. 2005.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: El Copé, April 1978, R.L. Dressler s.n. (holotype, AMO (color illustration prepared from slides; photo, AMES, COL, CR, JAUM, K, MO, PMA, SEL).

Epidendrum gibbosum L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 420. 1941.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: terrestrial, flowers maroon, Casita Alta to Cerro Copete, alt. 2300-3300 m, 10 Jul 1940, Woodson & Schery 367 (holotype, MO).

Epidendrum glandulosum Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 7: 5, pl. 20. 1924. = Epidendrum stangeanum Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. on trail from Colon, 1923. Sepals and petals olive green, labellum white. Flowering in September. Sea level, C.W. Powell 338 (holotype, AMES).

Epidendrum gregorii Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 2: 138 fig. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Valle de Antón, comprada a Gregorio [Ruiz] en la Mesa, prensada 30 agosto 1981, E. Hágsater 6410 (holotype, AMO; isotype, MEXU).

Epidendrum gymnochlamys Hágsater & E.Santiago, Icon. Orchid. 8: 839. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: aboye Boquete, on trail to Pate Macho on continental divide, 1850-2100 m, 13 March 1988, G. McPherson 12323 (holotype, MO).

Epidendrum gymnopodum Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 7: t. 741. 2005. = Epidendrum cancanae (P.Ortiz) Hágsater
TYPE: Panama. Darién: Parque Nacional del Darién Ridge between N & S branches of Río Púcuro, across river from old Kuna village of Tacarcuna; ca. 18 km E of Púcuro, 8°04' N 7r16' W, 600-1000 m, 21 October 1987, B. Hammel, G. de Nevers, H. Cuadros & H. Herrera 16342 (holotype, MO).

Epidendrum hammelii Hágsater & L.Sánchez, Icon. Orchid. 2: 143 fig. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: near sawmill 16.7 km north of turnoff to Coclesito from Llano Grande, alt. 700 ft, 6 March 1978, B. Hammel 1809 (holotype, MO).

Epidendrum hornitense Hágsater & L.Sánchez, Icon. Orchid. 8: 841. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Camp Hornito, Fortuna Dam site, 8º44'N 82º13'W, 1000-1200 m, 12 Aug 1976, R.L. Dressler 5326 (holotype, AMO; isotype, PMA).

Epidendrum hunterianum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 33. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Im Überschwemmungsgebiete des Gatun-Sees, C.W. Powell 29 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), K; drawing of type, AMES-26778; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931 : t. 50, nr. 198]).

Epidendrum incomptum Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 733. 1852.
TYPE: [Panama]. Chiriquí: J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W; illustration of type, AMES).

Epidendrum infundibulum Hágsater & E.Santiago, Icon. Orchid. 9: t. 946. 2007.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Vicinity of Fortuna Dam along trail below highway and across the valley of the Hornito, 8º45'N 82º15'W, 1100-1350 m, 24 Jan 1988, G. McPherson 11986 (holotype, MO).

Epidendrum isthmi Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 34. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügelm bei Panama-City, C.W. Powell 104 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23956; isolectotypes, AMES-23957, K, MO; drawing of type, AMES-26750; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 51, nr. 201].).

Epidendrum jefeallenii Hágsater & García-Cruz, Icon. Orchid. 3(2): t. 339. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Provincia Panama: Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 13 Feb. 1977, C. Luer & J. Luer 1400 (holotype, SEL; isotype, F).

Epidendrum jefestigma Hágsater & García-Cruz, Icon. Orchid. 3(2): t. 340. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: Cerro Jefe, ca. 800 m, col. 11 Apr. 1977, W. G. D'Arcy 11379 (holotype, MO).

Epidendrum kerichilum Hágsater, Orquídea (Mexico City), n.s., 11: 26. 1988.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Horqueta, al E de Volcán Barú, 1700-2300 m, selva alta. Colectada March 1981. Preparado de material cultivado, 4 June 1981, E. Hágsater & R.L. Dressler 6519 (holotype, AMO; isotypes, K, MO).

Epidendrum lacteum Dressler, Orquideología 11(2): 108-109, photo. 1976.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas, cerca de la divisa continental, aprox. 12-15 km al noroeste de Santa Fé; alt. aprox. 700 m.; selva muy húmeda, 17 May 1975, R.L. Dressler 5030 (holotype, US).

Epidendrum leucocardium Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 206. 1913. = Epidendrum eburneum Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. Colón: Río Fato, etwa bei Meereshïhe, blühend im Aug 1911, H. Pittier 4266 (holotype, B, destroyed; isotype, US).

Epidendrum longibracteatum Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 3(2): t. 347. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Horqueta, detrás de Boquete, al E del Volcán Barú, ca. 2000 m, col 15 Mar 1981, pressed 7 June 1981, E. Hágsater, R.L. Dressler & C. Castro 6526 (holotype, AMO; isotypes, PMA, SEL, AMES, COL, CR, ENCB, F, G, INB, K, MEXU, MO, NY, P, QCNE, S, SCZ, US, USM, WIS).

Epidendrum lorifolium Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 35. 1922. = Epidendrum flexuosum G.Mey
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 138 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23962; isolectotypes, AMES-27945, K, MO-955980; drawing of type, AMES-26766; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 52, nr. 205].).

Epidendrum lutheri Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 2: 155 fig. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí-Bocas del Toro: Cerro Colorado, above the Copper Mine, ca. 1600 m, June 1986 [as 1989], H. Luther, Besse, Halton & Kress 1059 (holotype, SEL; isotypes, AMES, AMO, AMO, US).

Epidendrum maduroi Hágsater & García-Cruz, Icon. Orchid. 3(2): t. 352. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Norte de Guadalupe, Cerro Punta, Volcán Barú, 2000-3000 M, collected 15 Mar 1981, pressed 22 Feb 1983, E. Hágsater & R.L. Dressler 6468 (holotype, AMO; isotype, MO).

Epidendrum mantis-religiosae Hágsater, Orquídea (Mexico City), n.s., 11: 27. 1988.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: El Llano-Cartí. Colectado 18 Mar 1981. Preparado de material cultivado. 25 Sep 1982, R.L Dressler sub Hágsater 6304 (holotype, AMO; isotype, MO).

Epidendrum microanoglossum Hágsater & Karremans, Icon. Orchid. 14(10): t. 1457. 2013.
TYPE: Costa Rica-Panama. Puntarenas-Chiriquí: Coto Brus-Renacimiento, línea fronteriza entre Cerro Quijada del Diablo y Cerro Pando, entre mojones N.336-338, 8°54'51.9" N 82°43'59.13" W, 2205 m, bosque muy húmedo premontano, epífitas en bosque primario, "in itinere per limitem Costa Rica et Panama inter montis Quijada del Diablo et montis Pando", 19 Abril 2011, A. P. Karremans, D. Bogarín & D. Jiménez 4010 (holotype, CR; isotype JBL-Spirit).

Epidendrum microrigidiflorum Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 8: 853. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Valle de Fortuna, 1100-1200 m, 27 Oct. 1999, R.L. Dressler 6259 (holotype, AMO).

Epidendrum mora-retanae Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 2: 161 fig. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cuesta de Piedra-Finca El Milagro, 800-1000 m, prepared from cultivated material, 27 February 1984, E. Hágsater & R.L. Dressler 6499 (holotype, AMO).

Epidendrum niveocaligarium Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 8: 860. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Darién: 10 km NE of Jaqué, ridge between Río Tabuelita and Río Pavarandó, 1400-1600 ft., 1 Feb 1981, W.G. D'Arcy & K. Sytsma 14547 (holotype, MO).

Epidendrum × nocteburneum Hágsater & L.Sánchez, Icon. Orchid. 11: t. 1148. 2008.
TYPE: Panama. Comarca de San Blas, Nusagandi, El Llano Cartí, carretera, pressed 5 Mar 1981, R.L. Dressler sub E. Hágsater 6285 (holotype, AMO).

Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. var. panamense Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 36. 1922. = Epidendrum buenaventurae F.Lehm. & Kraenzl.
TYPE: Panama. Gatun-See, ungefähr in Seehöhe, C.W. Powell 35 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23803; isolectotypes, K, MO).

Epidendrum orthodontum Hágsater & L.Sánchez, Icon. Orchid. 3(2): t. 361. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Chrirquí: Cuesta de Las Palmas, southern slopes of Cerro de La Horqueta, humid forest, 1700-2100 m, 17 Mar 1911, H. Pittier 3220 (holotype, US; isotype, AMES).

Epidendrum pajitense C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 14: 56, t. 1949.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: Cerro Pajita, hills north of El Valle, at 1100 m. alt.,27 Oct 1946, Paul H. Allen 3784 (holotype, AMES).

Epidendrum panamense Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 212. 1913.
TYPE: Panama. Cerro de Garagara, Sambu-basin (Süd-Darién), 500-974 m, blühend in Feb 1902, H. Pittier 5635 (holotype, B, destroyed; isotypes, US, AMES).

Epidendrum pendens L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 421, tab. 23. 1941.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic, pendant plants, foliage gray, flower terminal, green, La Mesa, El Valle de Antón, alt. ca. 1000 m, 22 Jun 1941, Allen 2570 (holotype, AMES).

Epidendrum philowercklei Hágsater & E.Santiago, Icon. Orchid. 8: 870. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Changuinola, Sierra Madre, 2200 m, 5 Feb. 2000, Jardín Finca Drácula 482, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 200 (holotype, AMO).

Epidendrum piliferum Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 83. 1876.
TYPE: Costa Rica. [Panama]. Chiriquí v. J. Warscewicz s.n. Cultum miserunt dom Linden a Wallisio, dom. Veitch a Zahnio lectum, lectotype designated by Santiago & Hágsater (2008), W-49570; isolectotype, W-49582).

Epidendrum pirrense Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 4(3): t. 471. 2001.
TYPE: Panama. Darién: Top of ridge leading to Cerro Pirre. Area near Rancho Plástico, 1200-1400 m, 13 Nov 1977, J.P. Folsom, José Contrerra & Brijilio (of Piji Vasal) 6276 (holotype, MO).

Epidendrum plagiophyllum Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 3(2): t. 370. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Volcán Barú, Cerro Punta, al N de Guadalupe, 2000-2300 m, collected 15 Mar 1981, pressed 19 Dec 1981, E. Hágsater, R.L. Dressler & C. Castro 6481 (holotype, AMO; isotype, STRI).

Epidendrum platycardium Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 36. 1922. = Prosthechea spondiada (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: ca. 4000 ft Panama, C.W. Powell 141 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES; isolectotypes, AMES, K; drawing of type, AMES-26748; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 54, nr. 216].).

Epidendrum platyphyllostigma Hágsater & García-Cruz, Icon. Orchid. 3(2): t. 372. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Colorado, ca. 50 km NO of San Félix, 1400-1450 m, 20 Sep. 1977, R. L. Dressler 5713 (holotype, AMO).

Epidendrum platystomum Hágsater & L.Sánchez, Icon. Orchid. 8: 873. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: along Boquete Trail, Cerro Respingo, East of town of Cerro Punta, ca. 2000-2500 m., 11 Sept 1972, A. Gentry 5948 (holotype, MO; isotype, MO).

Epidendrum pleurothalloides Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 2: t. 174. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Horqueta, detrás de Boquete, 1700-2300 m, prensado en cultivo 25 septiembre 1983, E. Hágsater & R.L. Dressler 6524 (holotype, AMO; isotypes, F, K, MO, US).

Epidendrum porphyrophyllum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 37. 1922. = Epidendrum porpax Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 183 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23806; isolectotype, MO-956016; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 55, nr. 217].).

Epidendrum powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 38. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, c. 4000', C.W. Powell 228 (holotype, B, destroyed; neotype designated by Santiago & Hágsater (2008), lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23808; illustration of type, AMES-26768; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 55, nr. 218].).

Epidendrum prismatocarpum Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 729. 1852. = Prosthechea prismatocarpa (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins
TYPE: [Panama]. Chiriquí, J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Epidendrum probiflorum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 39. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí gegen 4500', C.W. Powell 250 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-27066; isolectotype, MO-956056).

Epidendrum pseudoschumannianum Fowlie, Orchid Digest 33: 255. 1969.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: Beyond la Loma del Tigre, District of El Valle de Anton, on very tall trees of a warm, humid jungle, 800-1000 m, C.K. Horich s.n. (holotype, UCLA).

Epidendrum pudicum Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 6: 71, fig. 10. 1923.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Palo Alto, flowered under cultivation at Balboa in Aug 1923, C.W. Powell 319 (holotype, AMES).

Epidendrum radicans var. chiriquense Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 39. 1922. = Epidendrum radicans Pav. ex Lindl.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, terrestrisch an Wegrändern zwischen Kraut und Gebüsch, c. 4000 ft. und darunter, C.W. Powell 61 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Hágsater & Salazar (1990), MO-955940; isolectotypes, AMES-23811, K).

Epidendrum radlkoferianum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 142. 1921. = Epidendrum volutum Lindl. & Paxton
TYPE: Panama. Provinz Chiriquí, April 1858, Dr. Moritz Wagner s.n. (holotype, B, destroyed; photo of type, AMES; isotype, M).

Epidendrum rafael-lucasii Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 2: 179. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Sin localidad, preparado de material cultivado 15 abril 1983, R.L. Dressler sub E. Hágsater 6293 (holotype, AMO).

Epidendrum resectum Rchb.f., Linnaea 41: 83. 1876.
TYPE: Ex America centrali, vix dubie ex [Panama] Chiriquí vivum misit b. Zahn ad hortulanos Veitch, Londinenses, qui bis specimina mecum communicavere viva. Zahn ex Veitch s.n. (holotype, W; illustration of type, AMES).

Epidendrum rigidum Jacq. var. angustisegmentum L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 33: 371. 1946. = Epidendrum angustisegmentum (L.O. Williams) Hágsater
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Water Valley, vicinity of Chiriquí Lagoon, von Wedel 1708 (holotype, AMES).

Epidendrum rousseauae Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Ab. 2: 407. 1918.
TYPE: Panama. Am Isthmus. Mrs. Rousseau s.n. (holotype, B, destroyed).

Epidendrum schistostemum Hágsater, Laube & L.Sánchez, Icon. Orchid. 11: t. 1177. 2008.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: on a hill slope at Boca Chica creek (9º11'20"; 82º32'13"W), 5.8 km south east of the community Charco La Pava at the Río Changuinola, 550 m., Oct 2007, S. Laube 563 (holotype, PMA).

Epidendrum sculptum Rchb.f., Bonplandia (Hannover) 2: 89. 1854.
TYPE: Panama. von Chagres von Herrn Keferstein eingeführt von Herrn Lehmann cultivirt, Lehmann s.n. (holotype, W; illustration of type, AMES).

Epidendrum simulacrum Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 6: 75. 1923.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Lino Hill, alt 4000-4500 ft, growing in exposed place, flowering in May and June, C.W. Powell 298 (holotype, AMES).

Epidendrum spathulipetalum Hágsater & Dressler, Icon. Orchid. 4(3): t. 486. 2001.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: de arriba de Boquete, cultivada en Finca Dracula, Cerro Punta, 20 Aug 1998, Robert L. Dressler 6230 (holotype, AMO; isotype, PMA).

Epidendrum sphenostele Hágsater & E.Santiago, Icon. Orchid. 9: t. 989. 2007.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Boquete, Valle Fortuna; received flowers 1 Oct 1987, cultivated by Andres Maduro, sent to Robert L. Dressler, who in turn sent it to E. Hágsater, E. Hágsater 9361 (holotype, AMO).

Epidendrum stangeanum Rchb.f., Gard. Chron., n.s., 15: 462. 1881.
TYPE: Panama. F.F. Stange s.n. (holotype, W; drawing of type, AMES).

Epidendrum subpatens Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 40. 1922. = Epidendrum coronatum Ruiz & Pav.
TYPE: Panama. Im Gebiete des Gatun-Sees und auch in Veraguas bei Santiago, C.W. Powell 86 (holotype, B, destroyed lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23943; isolectotypes, MO-955940, illustration of type, AMES-26812; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 56, nr. 223].).

Epidendrum suturatum Hágsater & Dressler, Icon. Orchid. 2: 190 fig. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: ridge east of Cerro Tute, northwest of Santa Fé, 800-1000 m elev., 12 October 1975, R.L. Dressler 5187 (holotype, AMO; isotype, AMES).

Epidendrum tacarcunense Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 3(2): t. 384. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Darién: vicinity of Cerro Tacarcuna summit camp, 1500-1750 m, 31 Jan 1975, A. Gentry & S. Mori 14043 (holotype, MO).

Epidendrum teretifolium var. powellianum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 41. 1922. = Jacquiniella teretifolia (Sw.) Britton & P. Wilson
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, 4000-4500 ft., C.W. Powell 240 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-27067; isolectotype, MO-956048).

Epidendrum tetraceros Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 733. 1852.
TYPE: [Panama]. Chiriquí, J. Warscewicz 2721 (holotype, W; illustration of type, AMES; photo of type, AMO; isotype, K; photo of isotype, AMES).

Epidendrum transversellipticum Hágsater, Icon. Orchid. 4(3): t. 492. 2001.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí/Bocas del Toro: Cerro Colorado, along intersection of Bocas Rd. with main ridge rd., 15.4 km form Chami, 1400-1700 m, 24 Oct 1977, J. P. Folsom 6101 (holotype, MO).    

Epidendrum trialatum Hágsater, Orquídea (Mexico City), n.s., 9: 356. 1984.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: Valle de Antón, Nov 1981, R.L. Dressler sub Hágsater 4674 (holotype, AMO; isotypes, AMES, CR, K, PMA, US; illustration of type; photo of type).

Epidendrum unicallosum Hágsater & E.Santiago, Icon. Orchid. 8: 895. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Guadalupe, 20 Feb 2001, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 179 (holotype, AMO).

Epidendrum veraguasense Hágsater, Orquídea (Mexico City) 12: 286. 1992.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: Along steep trail to summit of Cerro Tute, ca. 3 km above Escuela Agricultura Alto Piedra near Santa Fé, 3000-3100 ft., 4 Jan 1981, K. Sytsma & T. Antonio 3046 (holotype, AMO; isotype, MO).

Epidendrum verecundum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 42. 1922. = Epidendrum strobiliferum Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 209 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23817; isolectotype, MO-956026; drawing of type, AMES-26767; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 58, nr. 232].).

Epidendrum warszewiczii Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 742. 1852.
TYPE: Costa Rica. [Panama] Veraguas, J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W-50158 (drawing, AMES)).

Epidendrum witherspooniorum Hágsater & Dressler, Icon. Orchid. 7: t. 798. 2005.
TYPE: Panama. Panama, Cerro Jefe, trail leading W from summit, 24 Sept 1975, J.T. & F. Witherspoon 8489 (holotype, MO).

Erythrodes epiphytica Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 13: 257. 1993. = Microchilus epiphyticus (Dressler) Ormerod
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: Hills N of El Valle de Antón, 12 May 1973, R.L. Dressler 4383 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Erythrodes killipii Ames, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 150. 1921. = Microchilus nigrescens (Schltr.) Ormerod
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: valley of the Río Caldera, from El Boquete to the Cordillera, 1 Feb 1918, Killip 3561 (holotype, AMES; isotypes, AMES, US, Rochester Academy of Science; illustration and photo of type).

Erythrodes roseoalba Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 13: 257. 1993. = Aspidogyne roseoalba (Dressler) Ormerod
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: Ridge east of Cerro Tute [actually C. Arizona], NW of Santa Fé, elev. 1000-1200 m; 30 Oct 1977, R.L. Dressler 5736 (holotype, MO).

Eurystyles cornu-bovis Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 37: 16. 1992.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: between second and third branches of Río Santa María, 10-12 km NW of Santa Fe, 4 Aug 1975, R.L. Dressler 5077 (holotype, FLAS).

Evelyna hymenophora Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 710. 1852. = Elleanthus hymenophorus (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.
TYPE: [Panama]. "Chiriquí Cordilleren. 6-7000'. Decbr.", J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Fregea amabilis Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 712. 1852. = Sobralia amabilis (Rchb.f.) L.O.Williams
TYPE: [Panama]: Cordilleren von Chiriquí, Herrn Dr. Klotzsch s.n. (holotype, W).

Gongora armeniaca var. bicornuta C.Schweinf. & P.H.Allen, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 13: 139. 1948. = Gongora horichiana Fowlie
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: region west of Santa Fé, Cerro Tute, at 1000 m alt., 24 Jun 1947, P.H. Allen 4648 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Gongora dressleri Jenny, Monogr. Gen. Gongora 90. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Tacaruma [Tacarcuna?]: 1500 m, R.L. Dressler s.n., 1980, ex cult. R. Jenny, Bern (holotype, G; isotype, K).

Gongora gibba Dressler, Orquideología 7: 72. 1972.
TYPE: Panama. Colón camino madero de Santa Rita, aprox. 15 km al este de Colón; floreció en cultivo 16 Apr 1968, R.L. Dressler s.n. (holotype, US; isotype, PMA).

Gongora maculata var. latibasis C.Schweinf. & P.H.Allen, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 13: 144. 1948. = Gongora latibasis (C.Schweinf. & P.H.Allen) Jenny
TYPE: Panama. Canal Zone: ca. 2 mi W of Gatún Dam, at ca. 184 m alt., 1 Apr 1939, blooming time, H. Butcher s.n. (holotype, AMES).

Gongora powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 62. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama-City, C.W. Powell 76 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23856; isolectotypes, AMES-23855, MO; drawing of type, AMES-26848; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 62, nr. 247].).

Govenia powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 51. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, in Schluchten, c. 4000 fuss, C.W. Powell 205 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by, Christenson (1991b), AMES-23837; isolectotype, MO-956022; drawing of type, AMES-26851; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 60, nr. 240].).

Habenaria avicula Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 138. 1921.
TYPE: Panama. Ohne nähere Standortsangabe, Dec 1900, W. Joseph s.n. (holotype, B, destroyed).

Habenaria mediocris Dressler, Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 7(1-3): 96. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Llanos del Volcán, in rocky grassland, flowers pale green, lip yellowish, 16 Jul 1979, R.L. Dressler 5845 (holotype, MO).

Habenaria patentiloba Ames, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 151. 1921.
TYPE: Panama. Panama. Orange River Valley, 7 Oct 1917, 60 m alt., dense forest, Killip 3124 (holotype, AMES; illustration of type, AMES; isotype, Rochester Academy of Science, US).

Habenaria petalodes var. micrantha Rchb.f., Beitr. Orchid.-K. C. Amer. 5. 1866. = Habenaria warszewiczii Schltr.
TYPE: Lectam in Panama. J. Warscewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Hexadesmia pachybulbon Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 26. 1922. = Scaphyglottis pachybulbon (Schltr.) Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, 4500 ft., C.W. Powell 229 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23833; drawing of type, AMES-26779; isolectotype, MO-956040; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 45, nr. 180].).

Hexadesmia powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 27. 1922. = Scaphyglottis acostae (Schltr.) C.Schweinf.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, c. 5000 Fuss ü. M., C.W. Powell 225 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23822; isolectotypes, AMES, MO-956038; drawing of type, AMES-26769; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 46, nr. 181].).

Hexisea arctata Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 7: 233. 1979. = Scaphyglottis arctata (Dressler) B.R.Adams
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: ridge of Cerro Tute, about 1000 m, about 7 km NW of Santa Fe, 12 Oct 1975, R.L. Dressler 5185 (holotype, US; isotypes, AMO, PMA, SEL, MO).

Hexisea bidentata Lindl., J. Bot. (Hooker) 1: 8. 1834. = Scaphyglottis bidentata (Lindl.) Dressler
TYPE: Panama et Columbia occidentali, H. Cuming s.n. (holotype, K).

Horichia dressleri Jenny, Orchidee (Hamburg) 32: 108. 1981.
TYPE: Panama. Aus Kultur (JE-29, Cons. Jard. Bot. Chambesy, Genf). Pflanze aus Panama, Provinz Bocas, 8 km nördlich von Almirante, nahe der Strasse von Almirante nach Changuinola, 200 m höhe, 10 Dec 1979, R. Jenny JE-29 (holotype, G).

Huntleya cerina Lindl. & Paxton, Paxton's Fl. Gard. 3: 62. 1852. = Pescatoria cerina (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f.
TYPE: [Panama]. It was found in Veragua, by Mr . Warczewicz, on the Chiriquí Volcano, at 8000 feet above the level of the sea, and was sold by auction by Mr. Stevens sometime in 1851. Mr. Rucker has been the first to flower it, J. Warscewicz s.n. (holotype, K).

Huntleya fasciata Fowlie, Orchid Digest 30: 281. 1966.
TYPE: Panama. Cocle. El Valle de Anton, 3000 ft., Sept 1964, Edna Jackson J64 P23 (holotype, UCLA).

Ionopsis utricularioides var. parviflora Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 74. 1922. = Ionopsis utricularioides(Sw.) Lindl.
TYPE: Panama. auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 181 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23889; isolectotypes, MO-956014, MO-961312).

Isochilus chiriquensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 25. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí-Distrikt, c. 4000', C.W. Powell 98 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23831; isolectotypes, K, MO-955949; drawing of type, AMES-26817; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 45, nr. 178].).

Jacquiniella pedunculata Dressler, Orquideología 5: 24. 1970.
TYPE: Panama. Colón: Camino maderero de Santa Rita; preparada de cultivo 28 Jan 1966, R.L. Dressler 2986 (holotype, US; topotype, K).

Kefersteinia alata Pupulin, Harvard Pap. Bot. 8(2):161. 2004.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: road from David to Chiriquí Grande, around km. 74, ca. 450 m, epiphytic in premontane moist forest, 10 April 2001, flowered in cultivation at Gaia Botanical Garden, 18 August 2001, F. Pupulin, D. Castelfranco & E. Salas 3119 (holotype, USJ; isotype, USJ-Spirit).

Kefersteinia angustifolia Pupulin & Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 8(2):164. 2004.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Laguna, near El Hato del Volcán, 21 Oct. 1967, H. Butcher s.n. (holotype, MO).

Kefersteinia auriculata Dressler, Orquideología 16: 49. 1983.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: cerros al N de El Valle de Antón, preparada de cultivo, junio, julio, 1971, R.L. Dressler 4063 (holotype, US: isotype, PMA).

Kefersteinia maculosa Dressler, Orquideología 16: 52. 1983.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: filo de Cerro Arizona, arriba de Escuela Alto de Piedra, al Oeste de Santa Fe, 850-950 m; flores de cultivo, junio y Julio, R.L. Dressler 6061 (holotype, US; isotype, PMA).

Kreodanthus bugabae Ormerod, Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 59. 2008.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Distrito Bugaba, Cerro Punta, along ridge to watershed to Bocas del Toro Province, 2200 m, 26 Jan 1985, H. van der Werff & J. Herrera 6441 (holotype, MO).

Kreodanthus sytsmae Ormerod, Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 61. 2008.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: NW ridge of Cerro Pate Macho, from summit to Finca Serrano, 1200-2100 m, 27 May 1981, K. Sytsma, S. Knapp & L. Andersson 4945 (holotype, MO).     

Leochilus powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 81. 1922.= Leochilus scriptus (Scheidw.) Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. Veragua-Provinz und auf Calabash-Bäumen auf der Westseite des Kanals C.W. Powell 129 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Chase (1986), AMES-23926; isolectotypes, K, MO-955972; drawing of type, AMES-26796; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 81, nr. 324].).

Lepanthes ankistra Luer & Dressler, Orquideología 16(3): 12. 1986.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Colorado, alt. 1500 m, 15 February 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.L. Dressler & K. Dressler 10534 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes antilocapra Luer & Dressler, Orquideología 16(3): 15. 1986.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Colorado, alt. 1750 m, 15 February 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.L. Dressler & K. Dressler 10544 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes arachnion Luer & Dressler, Orquideología 16(3): 6–9, 20–22. 1986. = Lepanthes pantomima Luer & Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Bocas del Toro: epiphytic in wet forest between Fortuna and Chiriquí Grande, alt. 350 m, 17 February 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.L. Dressler & K. Dressler 10615 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes brunnescens Luer, Phytologia 55: 179. 1984.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Panama: epiphytic in cloud forest, Cerro Jefe, alt. 900 m, 1 Dec 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Maduro & H. Butcher 9200 (holotype, SEL).

Lepanthes caloptera Luer, Phytologia 55: 180. 1984.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Panama: epiphytic in cloud forest, Cerro Jefe, alt. 900 m, 1 Dec. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Maduro & H. Butcher 9194 (holotype, SEL).

Lepanthes chiriquensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 17. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: c. 5000 ft in feuchten Schluchten, C.W. Powell 254 (holotype, B; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23781; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 39, nr. 154].).

Lepanthes coeloglossa Luer, Phytologia 55: 180. 1984.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: epiphytic in elfin forest on Cerro Hornito, alt. 1700 m, 15 Dec. 1976, C. Luer, A. Luer, R.L. Dressler & N.H. Williams 1357 (holotype, SEL).

Lepanthes collaris Luer, Lindleyana 2(4): 185. 1987. = Lepanthes blephariglossa Schltr.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: epiphytic in forest on Cerro Colorado, alt. 1500 m, 15 February 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.L. Dressler & K. Dressler 10563 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes confusoides Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 165. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro, forest at alt. 900 m, collected by E. Olmos, cultivated at finca Dracula, Cerro Punta, 15 November 1998., C. Luer 18975 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes crossota Luer, Lindleyana 2(4): 188. 1987. = Lepanthes jimenezii Schltr.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: Cerro Punta, collected and cultivated by A. Maduro, 1986, C. Luer 11630 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes demissa Luer, Phytologia 55: 182. 1984.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest above Guadalupe, 2300 m, 8 Dec. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Maduro 9292 (holotype, SEL).

Lepanthes droseroides Luer, Lindleyana 2: 188. 1987.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: Cerro Punta, collected by A. Maduro 19-M., C. Luer 11632 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes eciliata Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 203. 1913.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Epiphyte im feuchten Walde bei Los Signas Camp, am Südabhang des Cerro de la Horqueta, 1700 m, bkühend im Mar 1911, H. Pittier 3173 (holotype, B, destroyed; drawing of type, AMES; isotype, US).

Lepanthes edentula Luer, Lindleyana 10: 143, fig. 1995.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic near the Fortuna s\dam site, alt. 1100 m, 16 Feb 1985, C. Luer, R. Dressler & K. Dressler 10587 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes empis Luer, Phytologia 55: 183. 1984. = Lepanthes excedens Ames & Correll
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: epiphytic in small trees near Volcan, "La Cordillera," alt. 1300 m, 9 Dec. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Maduro & H. Butcher 9314 (holotype, SEL).

Lepanthes exposita Luer, Lindleyana 2(4): 191. 1987.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: Cerro Punta, collected by A. Maduro 23-M., C. Luer 11634 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes incantata Luer, Lindleyana 2: 194. 1987.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Panama: epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Jefe, alt. 900 m, 1 Dec. 1983., C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Maduro 9195 (holotype, SEL).

Lepanthes infundibulum Luer, Phytologia 55: 186. 1984. = Lepanthes helleri A.D.Hawkes
TYPE: Panama. Prov. oc Chiriquí: epiphytic in elfin forest, Cerro Hornito, alt. 1700 m, 15 Dec 1976, C. Luer, A. Luer, R.L. Dressler & N.H. Williams 1331 (holotype, SEL).

Lepanthes insectiflora C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 7: 152. 1939 = Lepanthes tipulifera Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Boquete: Bajo Chorro, at 6000 ft alt., epiphyte in rain forest, 2-4 inches high, flowers burnt orange (?), 22 Jan 1938, M.E. Davidson 185 (holotype, F; isotype, AMES).

Lepanthes laevis Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 168. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, obtained from A. Maduro, cultivated at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 19 June 1998., C. Luer 18823 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes luerorum B.T.Larsen, Phytotaxa 175(5) 279-280. 2014.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: epiphytic in forest above Boquete, 1,300-1,400 m, 6 May 2013, collected in the wild by Peter H. Peeters & André De Jonghe 023, flowered in cultivation in Bertem, Belgium, 9 July 2013, P. Peeters s.n. (holotype, LISI).

Lepanthes maduroi Luer, Phytologia 55: 186. 1984.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest above Guadalupe, alt. 2300 m, 8 Dec. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Maduro 9305 (holotype, SEL).

Lepanthes mariposa Luer, Phytologia 55: 187. 1984.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: epiphytic in scrubby trees near Volcan, alt. 1350 m, 7 Dec 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & H. Butcher 9278 (holotype, SEL).

Lepanthes maxonii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 204. 1913.
TYPE: Panama. An Gaumstämmen in feuchten Wäldern zwischen Alto de Las Palmas und dem Gipfel des Cerro de Horqueta (Chiriquí), 2100-2268 m, blühend im Mar 1911, W.R. Maxon 5494 (holotype, B; destroyed, illustration of type, AMES, isotypes, NY, US).

Lepanthes minyglossa Luer, Selbyana 23: 15. 2002.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest, Cerro Colorado, alt. 1650 m, 15 February 1985, C. Luer et al. 10540 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes mollis Luer, Selbyana 23: 15. 2002.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in forest, Cerro Colorado, alt. 1500 m, 15 February 1985, C. Luer et al. 10532 (holotype, MO; isotype, MO).

Lepanthes myiophora Luer, Lindleyana 2: 204. 1987.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: near the Fortuna dam site, alt. ca. 1000 m, collected Dec. 1976 by C. Luer et al., flowered in cultivation by P. & A. Jesup in Bristol, CT., 26 April 1987., C. Luer 12879 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes odontolabis Luer, Lindleyana 2: 207. 1987.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: Cerro Punta, collected by A. Maduro 20-M., C. Luer 11633 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes olmosii Bogarín, Orchid Digest 73(3): 141. 2009.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Boquete, Bajo Chorro, Alto Chiquero, collected by Erick Olmos, without further locality data, flowered in cultivation at Finca Dracula, Cerro Punta, Guadalupe, 12 December 2006, D. Bogarín 3005 (holotype, PMA; isotypes, CR, JBL).

Lepanthes otopetala Luer, Lindleyana 6: 76. 1991.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, collected by A. Maduro, without locality, flowered in cultivation by J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, May 1990, C. Luer 14741 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes pachyglossa Luer, Phytologia 57: 59. 1985.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Panama: epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Jefe, alt. 880 m, 1 Dec. 1983, flowered in cultivation in Sarasota, FL. 27 April 1984., C. Luer, J. Luer, H. Butcher & A. Maduro 10029 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes pexa Luer, Lindleyana 2: 181. 1987.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Bocas del Toro: epiphytic in cloud forest between Fortuna and Chiriquí Grande, alt. 1000 m. 17 February 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Dressler & K. Dressler 10622 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes prora Luer, Phytologia 55: 191. 1984.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Panama: epiphytic in cloud forest, Cerro Jefe, alt. 900 m, 1 Dec. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Maduro & H. Butcher 9207 (holotype, SEL).

Lepanthes psyche Luer, Phytologia 55: 192. 1984.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí, epiphytic in small trees near Volcan, "La Cordillera," alt. 1300 m, 9 Dec. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Maduro & H. Butcher 9317 (holotype, SEL).

Lepanthes pycnogenia Luer, Lindleyana 7: 114. 1992.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí collected by R. & K. Dressler & C. & J. Luer in Feb. 1985, flowered in cultivation by P. & A. Jesup in Bristol, CT, 10 Dec. 1988., C. Luer 13782 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes rauhii Luer, Orchidee (Hamburg) 38: 59. 1987.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Panama: epiphytic in forest above Chepo, La Margarita, south of the Cordillera San Blas, alt. ca. 800 m, May 1980, collected by W. Rauh 65025, flowered in cultivation at Heidelberg University 16 Oct. 1985, C. Luer 11423 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes regularis Luer, Lindleyana 2: 210. 1987.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: Cerro Punta, Las Nubes, collected by A. Maduro 6-B., C. Luer 11631 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes ridicula Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 168. 1999.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, obtained from A. Maduro, cultivated at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 19 June 1998., C. Luer 18827 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes rotundifolia L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 275. 1940.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic, wet north rim, vicinity of el Valle, 800-1000 m alt., 21 May 1939, P.H. Allen 1835 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes schizocardia Luer, Phytologia 55: 193. 1984.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic in cloud forest, Cerro Jefe, 900 m, 1 Dec. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, H. Butcher & A. Maduro 9193 (holotype, SEL).

Lepanthes seegeri Luer, Orchidee (Hamburg) 38: 60, fig. 1987.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: epiphytic in forest above Boquete, alt. 1600-1700 m, April 1985, collected by H. Seeger 678A, flowered in cultivation at Heidelberg University 16 Oct. 1985., C. Luer 11424 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes setos Luer, Phytologia 55: 193. 1984. = Lepanthes fimbriata Ames
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: epiphytic in scrubby trees near Volcan, alt. 1350 m, 7 Dec. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & H. Butcher 9279 (holotype, SEL).

Lepanthes tetroptera Luer, Lindleyana 2: 214. 1987.
Type: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: Cerro Punta, collected by A. Maduro 2-B, C. Luer 11628, (holotype, MO).

Lepanthes trichidion Luer, Phytologia 55: 194. 1984.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest above Guadalupe, alt. 2300 m, 8 Dec. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Maduro 9307 (holotype, SEL).

Lepanthes truncata Luer & Dressler, Orquideología 16(3): 9. 1986.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Bocas del Toro: epiphytic in wet forest between Fortuna and Chiriquí Grande, alt. 350 m, 17 February 1985., C. Luer, J. Luer, R.L. Dressler & K. Dressler 10618 (holotype, MO).

Lepanthopsis rinkei Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 104. 2002.
TYPE: Panama?: without collection data, purchased from Andy's Orchids, who had obtained the plant form Maduro in Panama, cultivated in Wichita, Kansas by Bryon Rinke, C. Luer 20048 (holotype, MO).

Ligeophila grandis Ormerod, Harvard Pap. Bot. 9(2): 395. 2005. = Aspidogyne grandis (Ormerod) Ormerod
TYPE: Panama. Bajo Mono to Roblado trail, 2135 m, 24 Jul 1947, P.H. Allen 4857 (holotype, AMES; isotype, US).

Lindsayella amabilis Ames & C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 5: 34. 1937. = Sobralia callosa L.O.Williams
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: El Valle, alt. 2000 ft, in crevices of rocks or more rarely on a very large dead tree. 22 Jul 1935, W.R. Lindsay & G.H. Bevins s.n. (holotype, AMES).

Lockhartia chiriquiensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 215. 1913. = Lockhartia micrantha Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. in der Nähe von San Félix, am östlichen Chiriquí, bis 120 m, blühend im Dec 1911, H. Pittier 5286 (holotype, B, destroyed; illustration of type, AMES; isotype, NY).

Lockhartia micrantha Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 768. 1852.
TYPE: Panama. Veragua Hinds. Cuming (holotype, W).

Lockhartia obtusata L.O.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 9: [209], tab. 8. 1941.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: hills north of El Valle de Antón, at 1000 m. alt., flowers bright yellow, the lip with raised orange ridges at the base, 23 Jun 1940, P.H. Allen 2160 (holotype, AMES

Lockhartia pittieri Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 216. 1913. = Lockhartia parthenoglossa Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. kultiviert in Culebra von Mrs. Rousseau, ursprünglich von Bohis stammend, blühend im Apr 1911, H. Pittier (B.S.P.C.Z.) 3401 (holotype, B, destroyed; illustration of type, AMES).

Lockhartia triangulabia Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 80. 1925. = Lockhartia grandibractea Kraenzl.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: alt. 4000-5000 ft, C.W. Powell 362a (holotype, AMES).

Lockhartia variabilis Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 81. 1925. = Lockhartia parthenoglossa
TYPE: Panama. wooded hills near Frijoles, Jan-Feb 1924, sea level, C.W. Powell 355 (holotype, AMES).

Lophiaris silverarum Carnevali & Cetzal, Phytotaxa 162(3): 166. 2014. = Trichocentrum silverarum (Carnevali & Cetzal) J.M.H.Shaw
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: Distrito de La Mesa, Palo Verde, Río Subí, Costa Pacífica, 8°13'N, 81°10'W, approx. 180 m, December 2005, vegetación primaria a orillas del río, Silvera & Rodríguez s.n. (holotype, PMA; isotypes, AMES, CICY).

Lycaste campbellii C.Schweinf. in I.M.Johnst., Sargentia 8: 103. 1949.
TYPE: Panama. San Jose Island, epiphyte from streamside forest in Area 11B, I.M. Johnston 1371 (holotype, AMES; paratype, AMES).

Lycaste macrophylla Lindl. subsp. panamanensis Fowlie, Lasca Leaves 14: 40. 1964. = Lycaste panamanensis (Fowlie) Archila
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: El Valle de Antón, 3,000 ft., "F62P8" (holotype, LASCA).

Lycaste powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 65. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama-City, C. Powell 15 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23869; isolectotypes, K, MO-955886).

Malaxis brevis Dressler, Lankesteriana 4(1): 97. 2004.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: W slopes of Cerro Respingo, NE of Cerro Punta Village, approx. 82º34'W, 08º52'N, 8000-8500 ft, flowers yellowish green, 15 June 1971, G.L. Webster & G. Brecken 16599 (holotype, MO).

Malaxis panamensis Kolan., J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 141(1): 93–94. 2014.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Fortuna, Sendero Samudio, bosque nublado, 8°38' N, 82°12' W, 24 mayo 2004, A. Ibáñez et al. 3076 AI, N. Zamora, P.J.M. Maas, H. Maas & R.H.J.Erkens (holotype, PMA; isotype, SCZ).

Malaxis rostratula Dressler, Selbyana 24(2): 142. 2003
TYPE: Panama. San Félix: Cerro Colorado, about 50 km N of San Félix, ca. 1400, 17 August 1975, cloud forest, flowers pale green, R.L. Dressler 5102 (holotype, MO).

Malaxis woodsonii L.O.Williams in Woodson & Seibert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 26: 281. 1939.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: terrestrial, vic. of Casita Alta, Volcán de Chiriquí, alt. about 1500-2000 m, June 28-July 2, 1938, R.E. Woodson, P.H. Allen & R.J. Seibert 831 and 832 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Masdevallia allenii L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 273. 1940. = Trisetella triglochin (Rchb.f.) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: vicinity of El Valle, 600-1000 m alt., 8 Dec 1938, P.H. Allen 1230 (holotype, MO).

Masdevallia andresiana Luer & Maduro, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 283. 2005.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: alt. 1200 m, collected and Andrew Maduro and son, cultivated by A. Maduro at Finca Dracula, Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panama, flowered in cultivation in Wilmington, DE, 16 Oct 1998, M. Rao 96 (holotype, MO).

Masdevallia attenuata Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1871: 834. 1871.
SYNTYPES: Costa Rica [?]. "Z[ahn?] 178", cultivated by Veitch 192; Panama [?], Zahn s.n. lectotype designated by Smith & Pupulin (2012), W: Panama [?]. Without collecting data, drawing of a syntype, based on Zahn s.n. (W 28837, Rchb-Orch 50775, upper part of the drawing).

Masdevallia butcheri Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 16. 1976. = Trisetella tenuissima (C.Schweinf.) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic in old orange trees above El Valle, alt. ca. 1000 m, 2 Sept 1976, C. Luer & H. Butcher 1119 (holotype, SEL).

Masdevallia collina L.O.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 11: [93], tab. 3. 1942.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic, hills north of El Valle de Antón, alt. ca. 1000 m, sepals and petals maroon-purple, sepaline tails yellow, 23 Jun 1940, P.H. Allen 2158 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Masdevallia dressleri Luer, Selbyana 3: 20. 1976. = Trisetella dressleri (Luer) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic along the Altos de Pacora road, alt. 650 m, 4 Mar 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Taylor & R.L. Dressler 730 (holotype, SEL).

Masdevallia eburnea Luer & Maduro, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91: 409a. 2003.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: alt. 1900-2000 m, collected by E. Olmos, spring 2000, cultivated at Finca Dracula, Cerro Punta, spring 2001, E. Olmos 157 (holotype, MO).

Masdevallia gloriae Luer & Maduro, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91: 413a. 2003.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Punta, Guadalupe, alt. 2000 m, collected by A. Maduro and E. Olmos, cultivated at Finca Dracula at Cerro Punta, A. Maduro s.n. (holotype, MO).

Masdevallia livingstoneana Rchb.f. & Roezl, Gard. Chron. n.s., 2: 322. 1874.
TYPE: Panama. It was discovered in Panama by M. Roezl, and was sold lately at a sale in Mr. Stevens' rooms. B. Roezl s.n. (holotype, W).

Masdevallia maduroi Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 72: 110. 1998.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: "Fortuna," alt. 1200 m, collected & cultivated by Maduro's Tropical Flowers, flowered in cultivation at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 16 October 1998, C. Luer 18932 (holotype, MO).

Masdevallia olmosii Königer & Sijm, Arcula 12: 303. 2003.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Culebra, 1000 m, gesammelt von Sr. Erick Olmos, in Kultur bei Sr. Andrés Maduro auf der Finca Dracula in Cerro Punta, Panama, in Kultur in Blüte bei Herrn Ton Sijm in Hem, Niederlande, W. Königer WK-115 (holotype, M; isotype, PMA).

Masdevallia ostaurina Luer & V.N.M.Rao, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 249. 2004.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: without more exact locality, alt. 1900-2000 m, collected by A. Maduro and E. Olmos, cultivated at Finca Dracula since 2000, flowered in cultivation in Wilmington, DE, 6 December 2003, V.N.M. Rao 161 (holotype, MO).

Masdevallia pelecaniceps Luer, Selbyana 3: 22. 1976. = Phloeophila pelecaniceps (Luer) Pridgeon
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic in the cloud forest of Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 19 Aug 1967, R.L. Dressler 3028 (holotype, SEL).

Masdevallia pleurothalloides Luer, Selbyana 3 (3/4): 218. 1977.
TYPE: Panama. epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 12 Nov 1967, R.L. Dressler 3155 (holotype, SEL).

Masdevallia scabrilinguis Luer, Phytologia 44: 168. 1979. = Masdevallia attenuata Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Gordo, collected by R.L. Dressler s.n., 1977, cultivated at SEL-77-1707, flowered in cult. 6 Mar. 1978, C. Luer 2788 (holotype, SEL).

Masdevallia tenuissima C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 4: 11. 1937. = Trisetella tenuissima (C.Schweinf.) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: mountains beyond La Pintada, alt 400-600 m, Feb 1935, A.A. Hunter & P.H. Allen 587 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Masdevallia tokachiorum Luer, Lindleyana 6: 90. 1991.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in forest near the Fortuna dam site, alt. ca. 1000 m, collected March 1985 by R. Tokach, flowered in cultivation by K. Tokach in Tacoma, Washington, Sept. 1990, C. Luer 14943 (holotype, MO).

Masdevallia utriculata Luer, Phytologia 44: 169. 1979.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Pate Macho, alt. ca. 2200 m, 27 Feb 1979, R.L. Dressler & J. Kuhn s.n. (holotype, SEL).

Maxillaria allenii L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 282, tab. 35. 1940. = Camaridium allenii (L.O. Williams) M.A. Blanco
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic, N rim of El Valle de Antón, 600-1000 m alt., flowers yellow, 12 Feb 1939, P.H. Allen 1650 (holotype, MO).

Maxillaria chionantha J.T.Atwood, Selbyana 16: 242, fig. 1995.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. Veraguas: Vicinity of Continental Divide, third branch of Río Santa María to drop-off to lowlands, 12-15 km NW of Santa Fe, 650-750 m, 16-17 Nov 1974, R.L. Dressler 4839 (holotype, SEL).

Maxillaria chiriquiensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 68. 1922. = Maxillariella variabilis (Bateman ex Lindl.) M.A.Blanco & Carnevali
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, c. 4000 ft., C.W. Powell 125 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23878; isolectotypes, K, MO-955970, US; drawing of type, AMES-26773; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 64, nr. 254].).

Maxillaria curvicolumna M.A.Blanco & Neubig, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 76(6): 451. 2007.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro. Fortuna area? (cultivated in roadside garden north of Fortuna Dam site), M. Whitten 2933 (holotype, FLAS).

Maxillaria darienensis J.T. Atwood, Selbyana 19: 254. 1998[1999].
TYPE: Panama. Prov. Darién: Cerro Pirre, valley between Pirre and next most southerly peak, 10-20 Jul 1977, J. Folsom 4412 (holotype, MO; isotype, SEL).

Maxillaria diuturna Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 58. 1925. = Maxillariella diuturna (Ames & C.Schweinf.) M.A.Blanco & Carnevali
TYPE: Panama. Cativa-Porto Bello Trail, Feb 1924, sea level, C.W. Powell 376 (holotype, AMES).

Maxillaria dressleriana Carnevali & J.T.Atwood, Lindleyana 11: 29. 1996. = Mormolyca dressleriana (Carnevali & J.T.Atwood) M.A.Blanco
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Fortuna Dam, near Rambola. Flowering in cultivation at the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens on January 3, 1995, Akers JJ (See OIC9304) Prepared by Atwood 95-1; s.d.; Cultivated at the Marie Selby Botanical Garden from material collected in Panama. Prov. Chiriquí, Fortuna (holotype, SEL; isotypes, AMES, INB, MO).

Maxillaria fragrans J.T.Atwood, Selbyana 22(2): 131. 2001. = Camaridium fragrans (J.T.Atwood) M.A.Blanco
TYPE: Panama. Prov. Panama: Cerro Jefe, cloud forest dominated by Clusia spp. and Colpothrinax cookii, premontane rain forest along trail on ridge running NE from summit, elev. ca. 1000 m, 18 Dec 1974, Mori & Kallunki 3770 (holotype, SEL; isotypes, MO, WIS).

Maxillaria galantha J.T.Atwood & Carnevali, Lindleyana 9: 227. 1994.
TYPE: Panama. Top of Cerro Jefe, epiphytic herb, 9 June 1977, J.P. Folsom 3608 (holotype, MO; isotype, SEL).

Maxillaria gatunensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 68. 1922. = Heterotaxis sessilis (Sw.) F.Barros
TYPE: Panama. Gatun-See-Gebiet bei Panama, C. Powell 207 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-26946; isolectotype, MO-956024; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 64, nr. 255].).

Maxillaria insolita Dressler, Orquideología 14: 204. 1981. = Camaridium insolitum (Dressler) M.A.Blanco
TYPE: Panama. Panama: La Eneida, Altos de Pácora, Jul 1971, flores producidas en cultivo de junio a septiembre, R.L. Dressler 4064 (holotype, US; photo of the flower from the plant that served as the holotype).

Maxillaria longicolumna J.T.Atwood, Selbyana 22(2): 132. 2001. = Camaridium longicolumna (J.T.Atwood) M.A.Blanco
TYPE: Panama. Prov. Verguas: road from Santa Fe 1.5 km past Ag School to base of Cerro Tute, ca. 1000-1200 m elev., 4 Feb 1977, J.P. Folsom 1574 (holotype, MO; isotype, MO).

Maxillaria longipetiolata Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 61. 1925. = Mapinguari longipetiolatus (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Carnevali & R.B.Singer
TYPE: Panama. Hill east of Corozal, sea level, C.W. Powell 307 (holotype, AMES).

Maxillaria lutheri J.T.Atwood, Selbyana 19: 257. 1998[1999]. = Camaridium lutheri (J.T.Atwood) M.A.Blanco
TYPE: Panama. Prov. Bocas del Toro: Cerro Colorado, above the Copper Mine, elev. ca. 1600 m, Jun 1986, H. Luther et al. 1068 (holotype, SEL).

Maxillaria obscura Linden & Rchb.f., Beitr. Orchid.-K. C. Amer.: 31. 1866. = Camaridium obscurum (Linden & Rchb.f.) M.A.Blanco
TYPE: Floes obtinui ex horto Lindeniano Bruxellensi. Planta ex Columbia introducta fertur, J. Linden s.n. (holotype, W).

Maxillaria oreocharis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 69. 1922. = Maxillariella oreocharis (Schltr.) M.A.Blanco & Carnevali
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, 4000-5000 ft, C.W. Powell 256 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23877; isolectotype, MO-956060).

Maxillaria panamensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 70. 1922. = Maxillariella acervata (Rchb.f.) M.A.Blanco & Carnevali
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 124 (holotype, B; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), K; isolectotype, K; drawing of type, AMES-26813; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 65, nr. 257].).

Maxillaria parvula Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 176. 1924., nom. illeg. = Maxillariella caucae (Garay) Bogarín
TYPE: Colombia. Cauca: Pflanze gleich kletternden Rasen an den Baumstämmen nahe dem Boden, in den feuchtwarmen Ebenen nahe [Panama]. Bahia de Montijo (Veragua); häufig, F. C. Lehmann no. 103, blühend im Mai 1879 (B, destroyed).

Maxillaria powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 70. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W Powell 28 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23880; isolectotypes, K, MO-955897; drawing of type, AMES-26794; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 65, nr. 258].).

Maxillaria pubilabia Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 71. 1922. = Maxillaria ringens Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 214 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23881; isolectotype, MO-956030; drawing of type, AMES-26751; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 65, nr. 259].).

Maxillaria repens L.O.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 10: [273], tab. 9. 1942. = Ornithidium repens (L.O.Williams) M.A.Blanco & Ojeda
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: Epiphytic, trail to Las Minas, north of El Valle de Antón, alt. 1000 m, 2 Dec 1941, P. Allen 2868 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Maxillaria rodrigueziana J.T.Atwood & Mora-Ret., Icon. Pl. Trop. 14(1): t. 1361. 1989.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: El Cope, T. Antonio 2137 (holotype, MO; isotype, SEL; detail of isotype, SEL).

Maxillaria rousseauae Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Ab. 2: 413. 1918. = Maxillaria ringens Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. Im Gebiete des Panama-Kanals, 1914, Rousseau s.n. (holotype, B, destroyed, neotype designated by Atwood (1999), C.W. Powell 115, MO).

Maxillaria sanguinea Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 8. 1895. = Maxillariella sanguinea (Rolfe) M.A.Blanco & Carnevali
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Chiriquí Lagoon, James O'Brien s.n. (holotype, K).

Maxillaria scalariformis J.T.Atwood, Selbyana 19: 257. 1998[1999]. = Camaridium scalariforme (J.T.Atwood) M.A.Blanco
TYPE: Panama. Prov. Chiriquí: near "Vivero," 2-3 km S. of Fortuna dam site, Valle de Hornito, 10 May 1982, R.L. Dressler 6050 (holotype, SEL).

Maxillaria stachyobiorum Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 735. 1852. = Xylobium foveatum (Lindl.) G.Nicholson
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, J. Warscewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Maxillaria synsepala J.T.Atwood, Selbyana 19: 260. 1998[1999]. = Camaridium synsepalum (J.T.Atwood) M.A.Blanco
TYPE: Panama. Prov. Chiriquí: Distrito Bugaba: Cerro Punta, 2200 m, 26 Jan 1985, van der Werff & Herrera 6435 (holotype, SEL; isotype, MO).

Maxillaria tricarinata J.T.Atwood, Selbyana 19: 260. 1998[1999]. = Camaridium tricarinatum (J.T.Atwood) M.A.Blanco
TYPE: Panama. Prov. Bocas del Toro: Trocha 3 de noviembre, near pass over continental divide (Paso de la Zorra), elev. ca. 1500 m, 5 Apr 1978, R.L. Dressler 5810 (holotype, SEL).

Maxillaria tubercularis J.T.Atwood, Lindleyana 9(4): 229. 1994. Camaridium tuberculare (J.T.Atwood) M.A.Blanco
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Fortuna Dam region, along trail to Cerro Hornito (Pate de Macho) on southern ridge of watershed, short dense forest, 1800-1950 m, G. McPherson 13567 (holotype, MO).

Maxillaria tutae J.T.Atwood, Selbyana 19: 262. 1998[1999]. = Camaridium tutae (J.T.Atwood) M.A.Blanco
TYPE: Panama. Prov. Veraguas: trail on ridge to summit of Cerro Tute [possibly Cerro Arizona Cordillera de Tute, 1 km past Escuela la Agrícola Alto de Piedras, W of Santa Fe, upper montane and elfin forest, 1250-1410 m, S. Knapp & K. Sytsma 2641 (holotype, SEL; isotype, MO).

Maxillaria vagans Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 65. 1925. = Camaridium bracteatum (Schltr.) Schltr.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, Palo Alto, alt 4500-5000 ft, Nov 1923, C.W. Powell 348 (holotype, AMES).

Mesospinidium panamense Garay, Orchidee (Hamburg) 24: 185. 1973. = Brassia panamensis (Garay) M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. prov. Coclé, im Norden von El valle de Antón, in der Nähe von La Mesa, 1000 m, P.H. Allen 2785 (holotype, AMES).

Microchilus fuscatus Ormerod, Harvard Pap. Bot. 11(2): 161. 2007.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: Gorgas Memorial Labs, Yellow Fever research camp, "Campamento Quatro", 5-10 km NE of Altos de Pacora, 600 m, 21-24 Nov 1974, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 3412 (holotype, MO).

Microchilus ovalis Ormerod, Harvard Pap. Bot. 11(2): 164. 2007.
TYPE: Panama. Darien: Cana region, on trail above Cana, leading to Pirre Massif, 800-900 m, 5 May 1990, G. McPherson 15047 (holotype, MO).

Microchilus panamanicus Ormerod, Harvard Pap. Bot. 9(2): 414. 2005.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: Cerro Trinidad, 800-1000 m, 20 Oct 1946, P.H. Allen 3768 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Microchilus subquadratus Ormerod, Harvard Pap. Bot. 11(2): 172. 2007.
TYPE: Panama. Darien: Serrania del Darien, track from Cerro Mali to Río Pucuro base camp, 20 Jul 1976, A. Gentry, H. Leon & L. Forero 16834 (holotype, MO).

Microchilus whitefoordiae Ormerod, Harvard Pap. Bot. 11(2): 173. 2007.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Fortune Lake to Chiriquí Grande road, trail W of continental divide, 1200 m, 22 Mar 1985, R.J. Hampshire & C. Whitefoord 867 (holotype, BM).

Microstylis blephariglottis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(317–321): 202. 1913. = Crossoglossa blephariglottis (Schltr.) Dressler ex Dodson
SYNTYPE: Costa Rica. Brade s.n. (B, destroyed). Panama. Chiriquí: an Baumstämmen in feuchten Wäldern der oberen Caldera Wasserschiede, oberhalb El Boquete, 1650-1925, Mar 1911, W.R. Maxon 5667 (B, destroyed, US; illustration of type, AMES-21081; AMES-24380; photo of type, AMES).

Microstylis pittieri Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 203. 1913. = Malaxis pittieri (Schltr.) Ames
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: feuchte Wälder zwischen Alto de las Palmas und dem Gipfel des Cerro de Horqueta (Chiriquí), 2100-2268 m, blühend Mar 1911, H. Pittier 3277 (holotype, US; illustration of type, AMES-101737, illustration of type, AMES-24153).

Mormodes atropurpurea Hook., Bot. Mag. 77: t. 4577. 1851. nom. illeg. hom. = Mormodes hookeri Lem., Jard. Fleur 1: 116. 1851.
TYPE: Panama. (holotype, K).

Mormodes lancilabris Pabst, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62: 510, f. 1. 1975.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: Atlantic side of El Valle de Antón, floruit in cultura, 22 Nov 1965, R. Dressler s.n. (holotype, RB).

Mormodes powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 55. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. an den Hinterwässern des Gatun-Sees, C.W. Powell 59 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), MO-955917; isolectotype, AMES-23840, K; drawing of type, AMES-26826).

Mormolyca culebrica Bogarín & Pupulin, Orchid Digest 74(1): 44. 2010.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Culebra, between rivers Estrella and Changuinola, 1200 m, a plant collected by Erick Olmos, without further locality data, in cultivation at Finca Dracula, Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panama, 12 Dec. 2006, D. Bogarín 2951 (holotype, PMA; isotypes, JBL-spirit).

Neowilliamsia cuneata Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 8: 24. 1983. = Epidendrum cuneatoides Dodson ex Hágsater
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: Pico de Cerro Arizona, arriba de la Escuela Alto de Piedra, oeste de Santa Fé, alt. 1300 m, 5 Jun 1982, R.L. Dressler 6066 (holotype, US; isotypes, AMO, F, MO, PMA, SEL).

Neowilliamsia tenuisulcata Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 8: 29. 1981. = Epidendrum tenuisulcatum(Dressler) Hágsater
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: cerca del Aserradero El Copé, a unos 8 km al norte de El Copé; 12 Aug 1977, R.L. Dressler 5673 (holotype, US).

Nidema boothii Schltr. var. triandrum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 43. 1922. = Nidema ottonis (Rchb.f.) Britton & Millsp
TYPE: Panama. auf Hügeln óstlich Panama City, etwa in Meereshöhe, C.W. Powell 131. (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23804; isolectotypes, K, MO-955974).

Notylia cordesii L.O.Williams in Woodson & Seibert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 26: 286. 1939. = Macroclinium cordesii (L.O.Williams) Dodson
TYPE: Panama. Bocas Del Toro: epiphytic, Mosquito Hill, 12-16 Aug 1938, Woodson, Allen & Seibert 1932 (holotype, MO; illustration of type, AMES).

Notylia gracilispica Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 75. 1922. = Notylia pentachne Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 185 (holotype,B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), MO-956018; drawing of type, AMES-26829; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 81, nr. 322].).

Notylia juncta Dressler, Orquideología 4: 164. 1969. = Macroclinium junctum (Dressler) Dodson
TYPE: Panama. Panama: La Eneida, región de Cerro Jefe, 15 Oct .1967, R.L. Dressler 3092 (holotype, US).

Notylia latilabia Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 71. 1925.
TYPE: Panama. Frijoles, Apr 1924, sea level. Grows in full sunlight, usually on Calabash trees. Petals white without the orange dot on them characteristic of N. pentachne Reichb. f., C.W. Powell 406 (holotype, AMES).

Notylia panamensisAmes, Orchidaceae 7: 112. 1922. = Notylia albida Klotzsch
TYPE: Panama. Marraganti and vicinity, 10-200 feet altitude, April 3-9, 1908, R. S. Williams 977 (holotype, NY; photo of type, AMES).

Notylia pentachne Rchb.f., Bonplandia (Hannover) 2: 90. 1854.
TYPE: [Panama]. Von Chagres von Herrn Keferstein bezogen, von Herrn Lehmann cultivirt (holotype, W).

Notylia simplex Dressler, Orquideología 4: 166. 1969. = Macroclinium simplex (Dressler) Dodson
TYPE: Panama. Panama: La Eneida, región de Cerro Jefe; 25 Mar. 1968, R.L. Dressler 3460 (holotype, US).

Oakes-amesia cryptantha C.Schweinf. & P.H.Allen, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 13(6): 134. 1948. = Ornithocephalus cryptanthus (C.Schweinf. & P.H.Allen) Toscano & Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: summit of Cerro Pajita, hills north of El Valle de Antón, 1000-1200 m alt., epiphyte on small trees in dwarf cloud forest, 7 Jan 1947, P.H. Allen & D.O. Allen 4196 (holotype, AMES).

Odontoglossum chiriquense Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 692. 1852. = Otoglossum chiriquense (Rchb.f.) Garay & Dunst.
TYPE: [Panama]. Cordilleren von Chiriquí. 9000’. Auf verfaulten Baumstämmen. October (holotype, W).

Odontoglossum powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 129. 1922. Rossioglossum schlieperianum (Rchb.f.) Garay & G.C.Kenn
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí Distrikt: etwa 3800 ft, C.W. Powell 178 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-25014, drawing of type; isolectotypes, MO-956010, MO-956011; drawing of type, AMES-26840; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 72, nr. 285].).

Odontoglossum warszewiczii Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 692. 1852. = Miltoniopsis warscewiczii (Rchb. f.) Garay & Dunst.
TYPE: [Panama]. Cordillera de Chiriquí. 8000' auf Leguminosen. October-Januar, J. Warscewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Oerstedella ornata Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City), n.s., 8: 345. 1982. = Epidendrum stolidium Hágsater
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: arriba de Guadalupe, alt. 2200-2300 m, Oct 1980, R.L. Dressler 5930 (holotype, US; isotypes, AMO, MO, MO, PMA, U).

Oerstedella fuscina Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City), n.s., 8: 347. 1982. = Epidendrum fuscinum (Dressler) Hágsater
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: comprado en el mercado, El Valle de Antón, se dice que proviene de las montañas al norte de El Valle, 22, 29 Mar 1981, R.L. Dressler 6010 (holotype, US; isotypes, AMO, MO, PMA).

Oncidium allenii Dressler, Selbyana 22(1): 9. 2001.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: region north of El Valle de Antón. elev. ca. 1000 m. 20 February 1942, P.H. Allen s.n. (holotype, AMES; isotypes, SEL, US).

Oncidium ampliatum Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 202. 1833.= Rossioglossum ampliatum (Lindl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams
TYPE: Hab. in Panama, et Columbia occidentali, H. Cuming 1312 (holotype, K).

Oncidium ansiferum Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 696. 1852.
TYPE: [Panama]. Chiriquí, J. Warscewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Oncidium bracteatum Warsz. & Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 695. 1852.
TYPE: [Panama]. Chiriquí Cordilleren 6-9000’ auf Bäumen, J. Warscewiczii s.n (holotype, W).

Oncidium castaneum Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 50(80): 287. 1922. = Oncidium dichromaticumRchb.f.
SYNTYPES: Subäquatoriale andine Provinz. Costa Rica, A.R. Endres s.n. [Panama]. Subäquatoriale andine Provinz. Chiriquí, R. Pfau s.n. (lectotype designated by Pupulin (2011), W, Costa Rica. Without specific locality, 1867, A.R. Endrés s.n. «N.o 108 Oncd.m» [W 0019929 / Rchb. Orch. 18381]; isolectotypes, W-0019925, W-0019930).

Oncidium cerebriferum Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 696. 1852. = Oncidium ensatum Lindl.
TYPE: [Panama]. Chiriquí, J. Warscewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Oncidium cheirophorum Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 695. 1852.
TYPE: [Panama]. Chiriquí Vulkan, J. Warscewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Oncidium confusum Rchb.f., Xenia Orchid. 1: 234. 1858. = Oncidium ensatum
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, October. 3-6000’, J. Warscewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Oncidium ebrachiatum Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 75. 1925. = Trichocentrum nudum (Bateman ex Lindl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams
TYPE: Panama. Cana and vicinity, 4 Apr 1908, alt 2000-6500 ft., R.S. Williams 975 (holotype, AMES).

Oncidium exalatum Hágsater, Orquídea (Mexico City) 8: 98.1981.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: Cerro Tute, Dec 1975. Preparado de material cultivado, 1 Oct 1980, R.L Dressler & Hágsater 4173 (holotype, AMO; isotype, MO).

Oncidium fulgens Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 83. 1922. = Oncidium klotzschianum Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, 4000-5000 fuss, blühend im Februar-März, C.W. Powell 157 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23918; isolectotypes, K, MO-955998, MO-955999; drawing of type, AMES-26799; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 73, nr. 290].).

Oncidium graciliforme C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 5: 96. 1938. = Oncidium klotzschianum
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: alt. 4000-5000 ft, Mar 1923, C.W. Powell 3227 (referred to Powell 157) (holotype, AMES).

Oncidium isthmi Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 84. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Sambo River, Süd-Darien, 200 m., blühend im Feb 1912, H. Pittier 5569 (holotype, B, destroyed).

Oncidium klotzschianum Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 695. 1852.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí Cordilleren 4-5000', J. Warscewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Oncidium lacerum Lindl., Bot. Reg. 30. Misc. 38. 1844. = Trichocentrum lacerum (Lindl.) J.M.H.Shaw
TYPE: [Panama. Without precise locality] ex Hort. Loddigges (holotype, K).


Oncidium maduroi Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 69(8): 762. 2000.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro, elev. 1200-1400 m, cultivated in Finca Dracula, Cerro Punta, 17 Aug 1998, R. L. Dressler 6220 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Oncidium martinezii Königer, Arcula 15: 369. 2005.
TYPE: Panama. Darién: Chepigana: Cerro Pechito Berroa, 600-800 m, var einigen Jahren schon entdeckt von Sr. Porfirio Martínez aus Concepción, Panama, in Kultur bei Sr. Andrés Maduro, Panama, in Kultur in Blüte bei W. Königer WK-122 (holotype, M; isotypes, PMA, Herb. H. Königer).

Oncidium mirabile Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 697. 1852., nom. utique rej. = Lockhartia oerstedii Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. [Without locality] J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Oncidium ochmatochilum Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 698. 1852. = Cyrtochiloides ochmatochila (Rchb.f.) N.H.Williams & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. [Without locality] J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Oncidium oerstedii Rchb.f. var. crispiflorum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 85. 1922. = Trichocentrum crispiflorum (Schltr.) Bogarín
TYPE: Panama. An der Küste des Pacifischen Ozeans bei Panama-City, C.W. Powell 1 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23920; isolectotypes, K, MO-955973).

Oncidium panamense Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 85. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 4 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23921; isolectotypes, AMES-23922, MO-955877, MO-955878; drawing of type, AMES-26800; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 74, nr. 294].).

Oncidium parviflorum L.O.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 11: [32], tab. 1. 1942.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: region north of El Valle de Antón, alt. about 1000 m, epiphyte, 20 Feb 1942, P.H.Allen 2937 (holotype, AMES).

Oncidium peliogramma Linden & Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1871: 1451. 1871. = Oncidium polycladium Rchb.f. ex Lindl.
TYPE: [Panama]. It flowered with Director Linden, who obtained it from Chiriquí through Mr. Wallis s.n. (holotype, W).

Oncidium polycladium Rchb.f. ex Lindl., Fol. Orchid. 6: 47. 1855.
TYPE: [Panama]. Wild in Costa Rica, Veragua, Chiriquí, Warczewicz s.n. (holotype, K; isotype, W; illustration of type, K).

Oncidium powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 86. 1922. = Oncidium anthocrene Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. an den Hinterwässern des Gatun-Sees unweit Panama-City, C.W. Powell 58 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23923; isolectotypes K, MO-955916; drawing of type, AMES-26814; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 74, nr. 296].).

Oncidium punctulatum Dressler, Selbyana 22(1): 10. 2001.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Colorado, arriba de Chami, elev. 1300-1700 m. bosque nuboso, 1 November 1999, R.L. Dressler & J.T. Atwood 6274 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Oncidium stipitatum Lindl. in Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 172. 1846. = Trichocentrum lacerum (Lindl. ) J.M.H.Shaw
TYPE: [Panama. Island of Taboga, 30 Jan.–11 Feb. 1837], G.W. Barclay 958 (holotype, BM).

Oncidium stipitatum var. platyonyx Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. (n. s.) 9: 788. 1878. = Trichocentrum lacerum
TYPE: [Panama. Without precise locality] ex Hort. W. Bull. (holotype,W).

Oncidium teres Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 78. 1925. = Trichocentrum helicanthum (Kraenzl.) J.M.H.Shaw
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: San Francisco, Feb 1924, alt. 1000 ft., C.W. Powell 383 (holotype, AMES).

Oncidium warszewiczii Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 693. 1852.
SYNTYPES: [Panama]: Veragua, Chiriquí Vulkan, J. Warscewicz s.n., lectotype designated by Mora de Retana (1993), W; Costa Rica: [Cartago]. Carthago Vulkan. An Eichen. 8-10,000', J. Warscewicz s.n. (W).

Oncidium zelenkoanum Dressler & Pupulin, Lankesteriana 8: 37. 2003.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Culebra (Velorio), 1000 m, Nov. 2000, epífita en árboles muy altos, floreció en cultivo julio 2001, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 195 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Ornithidium conduplicatum Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 66. 1925.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Palo Alto Hill, Sept-Oct 1923, alt. 4000-5000 ft, C.W. Powell 341 (holotype, AMES).

Ornithocephalus aristatus Pupulin & Dressler, Brittonia 58(4): 314. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Changuinola, Valle Risco, 800 m, primary forest; at 3 m from the ground epiphytic on shrub, flowered in cult. Finca Drácula, 26 Sep. 2003, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 327 (Holotype, PMA; isotype, CR).

Ornithocephalus cochleariformis C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 4: 124. 1937.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: lower portion of valley and marshes along Río Antón, El Valle de Antón, alt. 500 m, Feb 1935, A.A. Hunter & P.H. Allen 383 (holotype, AMES).

Ornithocephalus diceras Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 87. 1922. = Ornithocephalus bicornis Lindl.
TYPE: Panama. Rep. of Panama, hills east of the city, C.W. Powell 174 (holotype, B; destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23935, isolectotype, MO-956007; drawing of type, AMES-26821; photo of the isolectotype ex MO, K; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 76, nr. 304].).

Ornithocephalus lanuginosus Ames, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 152. 1921. = Ornithocephalus bicornis
TYPE: Panama. Panama: edge of forest along Panama-Pecora Road, near Tocumen River, 30 Dec 1917, 75 m alt., on trees, E. Killip 3314 (holotype, AMES; isotype, ROCH).

Ornithocephalus powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 88. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln östlich von Panama-City. 100-300 Fuss, blühend Februar bis März, C.W. Powell 231, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23934; isolectotype, MO-956042; photo of isolectotype ex MO, K; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 77, nr. 305].).

Osmoglossum acuminatum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 79. 1922. Cuitlauzina egertonii (Lindl.) Dressler & N.H.Williams
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: 5000 ft, C.W. Powell 255 (holotype, B destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23899; isolectotype, MO-956059; drawing of type, K). Superfluously designated by Yañez & Soto (2003).

Palmorchis trilobulata L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 415. 1941.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: terrestrial, flowers pure white, region north of El Valle de Antón, trail to Las Minas, alt. ca. 1000 m, 10 May 1941, P. Allen 2463 (holotype, AMES).

Palmorchis trinotata Dressler, Orquideología 20: 263. 1997.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: terrestrial, flowers pure white, region north of El Valle de Antón, trail to Las Minas, alt. ca. 1000 m, 10 May 1941, P. Allen 2463 (holotype, AMES).

Paphinia vermiculifera G.Gerlach & Dressler, Lankesteriana 8: 27. 2003.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: El Valle de Antón, 800-1000 m, floreció en cultivo el 6 de julio 2002, R. L. Dressler 6350 (holotype, MO).

Pelexia ochyrae Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 41: 858. 1996.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Buenavista, 30 Mar 1974, H. Butcher s.n. (holotype, FLAS).

Peristeria elata Hook., Bot. Mag. 58: t. 3116. 1831.
TYPE: Panama. In the year 1826, Henry Barnard, Esq. of Truxillo in Peru, communicated to Richard Harrison, Esq. of Liverpool, a bulb of a remarkable, parasitical, orchideous plant, which he had found in the neighbourhood of Panama (holotype, K).

Phragmipedium exstaminodium subsp. warszewiczii Dressler, Orchid Digest 69(2): 89. 2005.  = Phragmipedium humboldtii (Warsz. ex Rchb.f.) J.T.Atwood & Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Cerro Colorado, along road between Río San Felix and mining exploration camp, 7 ml W of Chame, along trail through Guaymi village, 8?35’N 81?50W, 1500 m, 8 July 1988, T. Croat 69170 (holotype, MO).

Phragmipedium popowii Braem, Ohlund & Quéné, Richardiana 4(4): 185. 2004. nom. illeg. = Phragmipedium humboldtii
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, Warszewicz 41 (holotype, W).

Phymatidium panamense Dressler, Orquideología 6: 142. 1971. = Eloyella panamensis (Dressler) Dodson
TYPE: Panama. prov. Panama, La Eneida, región de Cerro Jefe; 6 Aug 1968; R.L. Dressler 3570 (holotype, US).

Physosiphon minutiflorus Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 11. 1925. = Stelis deregularis Barb.Rodr
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Jaramillo, Oct 1923, alt 5000 ft, C.W. Powell 345 (holotype, AMES).

Platyglottis coriacea L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 347. 1942. = Scaphyglottis coriacea (L.O.Williams) Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: region north of El Valle de Antón, alt. c. 1000 m, 20 Feb 1942, P. H. Allen 2936 (holotype, AMES).

Platystele calymma Luer, Selbyana 3(3/4): 226. 1977.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic in the cloud forest along the El Llano-Carti road, alt. ca. 650 m, Feb. 1977, R.L. Dressler s.n. (holotype, SEL; isotype, MO).

Platystele dressleri Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 26, fig. 116. 1976.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic along the Altos de Pacora road, alt. ca. 650 m., collected 4 Mar 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Taylor & R.L. Dressler 963 (holotype, SEL).

Platystele hampshireae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65: 113, fig. 1998.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: wet forest between Fortuna Lake and Chiriquí Grande, 1 km south of the continental divide, alt. 1200 m, 10 Mar 1985, R.J. Hampshire & C. Whitefoord 414 (holotype, BM).

Platystele speckmaieri Luer & Sijm, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 120: 146. 2010.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: EI Valle de Anton, flowered in cultivation at Wien, Sept. 2009, A.P Sijm 290815 (holotype, MO).

Platystele taylorii Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 30. 1976.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: Epiphytic along the Altos de Pacora road, alt. 650 m., 4 Mar 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Taylor & R.L. Dressler 741 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis aberrans Luer, Selbyana 2: 382. 1978. = Acianthera aberrans (Luer) Pupulin & Bogarín
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: epiphytic in tree north of the continental divide, alt. ca. 700 m., above Santa Fé, 6 Sept 1976, C. Luer & R.L. Dressler 1628 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis acrisepala Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 22. 1925. = Specklinia acrisepala (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. without exact locality, C.W. Powell 420 (holotype, AMES; isotype, AMES).

Pleurothallis allenii L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 275. 1940.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: vicinity of El Valle, alt. 600-1000 m, 8 Dec. 1938, P.H. Allen 1240 (holotype, MO; isotype, AMES; drawing of type, AMES).

Pleurothallis alpina Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 5: 14. 1923. = Acianthera sicaria (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: "Caramillia" [Jaramillo?], alt 4500 ft, 1923, C.W. Powell 282 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Pleurothallis annectens Luer, Selbyana 3 (3/4): 240. 1977.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest along the continental divide above Camp Escopeta, Cerro Colorado, alt. 1700 m, 16 Feb 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & R.L. Dressler 1583 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis antonensis L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 341. 1942. = Pleurothallis bivalvis Lindl.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: hills north of El Valle de Antón, alt. ca. 1000 m, 1 Sep 1941, P.H. Allen 2701 (holotype, AMES).

Pleurothallis archicolonae Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 52. 129. 1976.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic on Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 2 Mar 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Taylor & H. Butcher 964 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis areldii Luer, Selbyana 2: 383. 1978. = Specklinia areldii (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest at the Fortuna dam site, alt. ca. 750 m, Feb 1977, R.L. Dressler s.n., greenhouse acc. no. 77-1787, flowered in cult. 9 Aug 1977, C. Luer 1653 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis balaeniceps Luer & Dressler, Orquideología 16: 47. 1986. = Echinosepala balaeniceps (Luer & Dressler) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Arizona above Escuela Alto de Piedra, west of Santa Fe, alt. 850-950 m, June 5, 1982, flowered in cultivation 23 May 1984, R.L. Dressler 6063 (holotype, MO; isotype, MO).

Pleurothallis barboselloides Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 18. 1922. = Specklinia corniculata (Sw.) Steud
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 98 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23792; isolectotypes, K, MO-955946; drawing of type, AMES-26760; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 29, nr. 113].).

Pleurothallis brighamella Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 171. 1999.= Specklinia brighamella (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. without collection data, cultivated by Maduro's Tropical Flowers at Cerro Punta, 18 Nov 1998, C. Luer 19005 (holotype, MO).

Pleurothallis butcheri L.O.Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 29(6): 346. 1961. = Acianthera butcheri (L.O.Williams) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: in mossy cloud forest along branch Río Machomonte, Cordillera, vicinity Volcán, slopes of Chiriquí volcano, alt.4000 m, 19 Jan 1961, H.P. Butcher 651 (holotype, F).

Pleurothallis cactantha Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 72. 1976. = Specklinia cactantha (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic along the Altos de Pacora road, alt. 650 m., 4 Mar 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Taylor & R.L. Dressler 743 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis caligularis Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 74. 1976. = Stelis carnosilabia (A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: Guabal, Río Dos Bocas, 16 km NW of Santa Fé, alt. 500 m, 15 Nov 1974, R.L. Dressler 4808 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis campicola Luer, Selbyana 5: 161. 1979. = Stelis listerophora (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in scrubby trees on the llanos del volcán, a few km W of El Hato del Volcán, alt. 1500 m, 20 Feb 1977, greenhouse acc. no. 77-1754, flowered in cult. 15 Sept 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & H. Butcher 1830 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis canae Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 2: 18. 1923. = Stelis canae (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Cana and vicinity, April 27, 1908. On trees. Flowers purplish. 6000 feet altitude, R. S. Williams 971 (holotype, AMES).

Pleurothallis cardiochila L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 343. 1942.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: rain forest, Bajo Chorro, Boquete District, alt. ca. 1800 m, 13 Jan 1938, M.E. Davidson 119 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Pleurothallis chiriquensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 19. 1922. = Stelis gelida (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, 4000-5000 Fuss.ü M., blühend im Feb, C.W. Powell 227 (holotype, B, destroyed lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-26783).

Pleurothallis citrophila Luer, Selbyana 3 (3/4): 266. 1977. = Acianthera lojae (Schltr.) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic in old orange grove near the mesa above El Valle, alt. ca. 1000 m, 2 Sept 1976, C. Luer & H. Butcher 1375 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis cleistogama Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 72: 41. 1998.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Bajo Grande, above Cerro Punta, alt. 2400 m, 13 Feb 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Dressler & K. Dressler 10527 (holotype, MO).

Pleurothallis cobriformisL.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 277. 1940.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic, vicinity of El Valle de Antón, ca. 600 m alt, flower tan spotted with maroon, 19 Dec 1939, P.H. Allen 2057 (holotype, AMES).

Pleurothallis condylata Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 80. 1976. = Specklinia condylata (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in trees along the stream near San Vicente, alt. 500 m., between Concepción and Volcán, 11 Sept 1976, C. Luer & Butcher 1198 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis congruens Luer, Selbyana 2: 391. 1978. = Acianthera cogniauxiana (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic in cloud forest along the El Llano-Carti road, alt. 300 m, 3 Mar 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Taylor & R.L. Dressler 987 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis corynophora Luer, Phytologia 55: 201. 1984. = Lankesteriana fractiflexa (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Karremans
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest above Guadalupe, alt. 2300 m, 8 Dec. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Maduro 9299 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis croatii Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65: 18. 1998. = Stelis decurrens Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Pate Macho, along the continental divide, northeast of Boquete, alt. ca. 2200 m, 23 Nov 1979, T.B. Croat 48506 (holotype, MO).

Pleurothallis cucumeris Luer, Selbyana 5: 162. 1979. = Specklinia cucumeris (Luer) Bogarín & Karremans
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest, Cerro Colorado, alt. ca. 1700 m, Feb 1977, greenhouse acc. no. 77-1825, flowered in cult. 10 Dec 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & R.L. Dressler 2258 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis cuspidata Luer, Selbyana 3(3/4): 282. 1977. = Lankesteriana cuspidata (Luer) Karremans
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in elfin cloud forest on Cerro Hornito, alt. ca. 1700 m, 15 Dec 1976, C. Luer, R.L. Dressler, N.H. Williams & F.L. Stevenson 1335 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis displosa Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 172. 1999. = Specklinia displosa (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: El Valle del Antón, alt. ca. 1000 m, collected by George Kennedy, flowered in cultivation, 20 Oct 1981, C. Luer 6533 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis diuturna Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 19. 1922. =  Kraenzlinella erinacea (Rchb.f.) Solano
TYPE: Panama. Veragua-Distrikt, etwa in Meereshöhe, C.W. Powell 172 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23787; isolectotypes, K, MO-956006; drwing of type, AMES-26864; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 30, nr. 119].).

Pleurothallis dressleri Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 98. 1976. = Specklinia dressleri (Luer) Bogarín & Karremans
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic on mossy limbs, Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m., 20 Aug 1967, R.L. Dressler 3033 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis dukei Luer, Lindleyana 12: 45. 1997.
TYPE: Panama. Darién: cloud forest, Cerro Pirre, alt. 2500-4500 ft, 9-10 Aug 1967, J.A. Duke & T.S. Elias 13845 (holotype, MO; isotypes, GH, SEL, US).

Pleurothallis ellipsophylla L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 344. 1942. = Acianthera ellipsophylla (L.O.Williams) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: epiphyte, SW of Bocas at Maccaw Hill, Isla Colón, alt. 0-125 m, 25 Aug 1940, flowers greenish-brown, H. von Wedel 560 (holotype, AMES).

Pleurothallis falcatiloba Ames, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 152. 1921. = Stelis falcatiloba (Ames) Bogarín & Serracín
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: valley of the Río Quebrada, 8 Feb 1918, 1700 m alt., on trees in deep woods, Killip 3540 (holotype, AMES; isotype, ROCH).

Pleurothallis fortunae Luer & Dressler, Lindleyana 6: 97. 1991. = Stelis fortunae (Luer & Dressler) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest around the Fortuna dam site, alt. ca. 1000 m, collected Aug. 1976, flowered in cultivation 13 Nov. 1976, R.L. Dressler s.n. (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis fuegi Rchb.f. var. echinata L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 33: 120. 1946. = Specklinia fuegi (Rchb.f.) Solano & Soto Arenas  
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Volcán de Chiriquí, alt. ca. 2720 m, M.E. Davidson 981 (holotype, AMES; isotype, AMES).

Pleurothallis glandulosa Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 6: 60. 1923. = Specklinia glandulosa (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Juna Grande range, sea level, C.W. Powell 306 (holotype, AMES; isotypes, AMES, MO).

Pleurothallis gnomonifera Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 6: 61. 1923. = Trichosalpinx memor (Rchb.f.) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, Cerro Norquita [Horqueta], alt 5000-6000 ft, C.W. Powell 311 (holotype, AMES).

Pleurothallis guttata Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 116. 1976. = Stelis guttata (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic in the region of Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 15 Oct 1967, R.L. Dressler 3086 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis hammelii Luer, Lindleyana 12: 48. 1997.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic in forest along the Llano-Cartí road, alt. 1200 m, 13 Jan 1978, B. Hammel 868 (holotype, SEL; isotype, MO).

Pleurothallis harpago Luer, Selbyana 5: 167. 1979.
TYPE: Panama. Darien: Cerro Pirre, July 1977, R.L. Dressler s.n., cultivated at SEL, greenhouse acc. no. 77-2600A, flowered in cult. 20 Mar 1978, C. Luer 2798 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis hemileuca Luer, Selbyana 7: 118. 1982.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest at the Fortuna dam site, alt. ca. 1000 m, Aug 1976, R.L. Dressler s.n., cultivated at SEL, 114-76-11, flowered in cult. 23 Dec 1976, C. Luer 1274 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis hispida L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 277. 1940. = Dresslerella hispida (L.O.Williams) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: vicinity of El Valle, 800-1000 m, 5 Sept. 1939, P.H. Allen 782 (holotype, AMES).

Pleurothallis hunteriana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 20. 1922. = Pabstiella tripterantha (Rchb.f.) F.Barros
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, 4000 ft., C.W. Powell 245 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-27296; isolectotype, K). Superfluously designated by Luer (2000).

Pleurothallis imago Luer, Selbyana 3 (3/4): 318. 1977. = Pleurothallis excavata Schltr.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic along the Altos de Pacora road, 650 m, 4 Mar. 1976, C.A. Luer 732, J. Luer, R.L. Dressler & P. Taylor (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis instar Luer, Selbyana 3 (3/4): 320. 1977.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Hornito, alt. ca. 1700 m, 15 Dec 1976, C. Luer, A. Luer, R.L. Dressler, N.H. Williams & F.L. Stevenson 1389 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis isthmica Luer, Selbyana 3(3/4): 322. 1977.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: near continental divide above Santa Fe, 750 m, 4 Sept. 1976, C.A. Luer 1140 & R.L Dressler (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis juxtaposita Luer, Lindleyana 6: 103-105. 1991. = Acianthera juxtaposita (Luer) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in could forest near the Fortuna dam site, alt. 1100 m, 16 Feb 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.L. Dressler & K. Dressler 10585 (holotype, SEL; isotype MO).

Pleurothallis knappiae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 128. 2000.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: Cerro Tute, Altos de Piedras, west of Santa Fe, alt. 1250-1410 m, 15 Dec 1981, S. Knapp & K. Sytsma 2653 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Pleurothallis lepidota L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 279. 1940. = Acianthera lepidota (L.O.Williams) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic, Llanos del Volcán, ca. 1300 m alt., flowers green striped maroon, 23 Jan 1939, P.H. Allen 1552 (holotype, AMES).

Pleurothallis macrantha L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 417. 1941. = Stelis cylindrata Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: terrestrial, flowers pale greenish-yellow, spotted chocolate, vicinity of Bajo Chorro, alt. 1900 m, 20-22 jul 1940, R. E. Woodson, Jr. & R. W. Schery 666 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Pleurothallis maduroi Luer, Lindleyana 12: 51.1997.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Guadalupe, May 1992, A. Maduro 18 (holotype, MO).

Pleurothallis mammillata Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 138. 1976.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic on Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 2 Mar 1976, C. Luer, H. Butcher, J. Luer & P. Taylor 951 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis mystax Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 146. 1976. = Stelis mystax (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: epiphytic in cloud forest near the continental divide, above Santa Fé, alt. 650-750 m, 5 Sept 1976, C. Luer & R.L. Dressler 1261 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis nitida Luer, Selbyana 3 (3/4): 352. 1977.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in elfin cloud forest on Cerro Hornito, ca. 1700 m, 15 Dec. 1976, C. Luer, A. Luer, R.L. Dressler, N.H. Williams & F.L. Stevenson 1337 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis octomeriae Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 21. 1922. = Myoxanthus octomeriae (Schltr.) Luer
TYPE: Panama. An Bäumen in Schluchten des Chiriquí, c. 5000 ft., C.W. Powell 252 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23789; isolectotypes, K, MO-956057).

Pleurothallis operculata Luer, Phytologia 49: 213. 1981. = Trichosalpinx rotundata (C.Schweinf.) Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic in cloud forest, El Copé, R.L. Dressler s.n., cultivated at SEL-78-480, flowered 18 Jul 1979, C. Luer 4075 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis pallida Luer, Selbyana 3(3/4): 358. 1977.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic in the hills north of El Valle, alt. 1000 m, 6 Mar 1976, C. Luer, R. Dressler, J. Luer & P. Taylor 954 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis pan Luer, Selbyana 3(3/4): 360. 1977. = Echinosepala pan (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: epiphytic in cloud forest NW of Santa Fé, alt. ca. 750 m, R.L. Dressler s.n. (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis panamensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 140. 1921. = Specklinia microphylla (A.Rich. & Galeotti) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Auf Pampasbäumen in der Provinz Chiriquí und Veragua, blühend im Apr 1858, M. Wagner 24 (holotype, B, destroyed; illustration of type, AMES).

Pleurothallis peculiaris Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 158. 1976.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: epiphytic in the cloud forest near the continental divide above Santa Fé, alt. ca. 700 m, Sept 1976, C. Luer & R.L. Dressler 1142 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis perpusilla Rchb.f. in Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 6: 215. 1854. = Platystele perpusilla (Rchb.f.) Garay
TYPE: Panama. Near Panama, on trees, Feb. 1848, B. Seemann 1565 (holotype, W; isotypes, BR, K).

Pleurothallis pertusa Dressler, Orquideología 5: 76. 1970. = Dresslerella pertusa (Dressler) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Panama: Cerro Jefe, 12 Nov 1967, epífita péndula en selva nebulosa, R.L. Dressler 3152 (holotype, US; isotypes, MO, PMA).

Pleurothallis pfavii Rchb.f., Flora 69 (n. s. 44): 555. 1886. = Specklinia pfavii (Rchb.f.) Pupulin & Karremans
TYPE: [Costa Rica or Panama]. Chiriquí, R. Pfau. s.n. (holotype, W).

Pleurothallis polysticta Luer, Selbyana 5: 176. 1979.
TYPE: Panama. Darien: Cerro Pirre, Jul 1977, R.L. Dressler s.n., cult. at SEL, C. Luer 2799 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 22. 1922. = Stelis gigantea Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, 4000 ft, C.W. Powell 146 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23785; isolectotypes K, MO-955986, MO-961317; drawing of type, AMES-26775; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 35, nr. 138].).

Pleurothallis praegrandis Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 5: 17. 1923. = Pleurothallis colossus Kraenzl. ex Kerch
TYPE: Panama. Cana and vicinity, 17 Apr-8 Jun 1908, on trees, 6000 ft alt., R.S. Williams 973 (holotype, NY; illustration of type, AMES).

Pleurothallis pterocaulis L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 280. 1940. = Acianthera decipiens (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: vicinity of El Valle, 600-1000 m alt., flowers dull red, 8 Dec 1938, P.H. Allen 1239 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Pleurothallis rhodoglossa Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17:22. 1922.
TYPE: Panama, auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 182 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), MO-956015; isolectotypes AMES-23793?; drawing of type, AMES-26845).

Pleurothallis rotundata C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 4: 115. 1937. = Trichosalpinx rotundata (C.Schweinf.) Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: mountains beyond La Pintada, alt. 400-600 m, Feb 1935, A.A. Hunter & P.H. Allen 561 D (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Pleurothallis rubella Luer, Selbyana 3 (3/4): 378. 1977. = Platystele aurea Garay
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic, Fortuna dam site, alt. ca. 1000 m, Oct 1976, R.L. Dressler s.n. (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis scitula Luer, Selbyana 3 (3/4): 384. 1977. = Pleurothallis rectipetala Ames & C.Schweinf.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Hornito, alt. ca. 1700 m, 15 Dec 1976, C. Luer, A. Luer, R.L. Dressler, N.H. Williams & F.L. Stevenson 1361 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis sempergemmata Luer, Selbyana 3: 386. 1977. = Echinosepala sempergemmata (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in valley of cloud forest above Guadalupe, alt. ca. 2200 m, 17 Dec 1976, C. Luer, A. Luer, R.L. Dressler, N.H. Williams & F.L. Stevenson 1360 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis simulans L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 281. 1940.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphyte, north rim of El Valle, flowers maroon, 9 Jul 1939, Allen 1912 (holotype, MO).

Pleurothallis speciosa Luer, Selbyana 3: 392. 1977. = Myoxanthus speciosus (Luer) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest above Guadalupe, alt. ca. 2000 m, 13 Sep 1976, C. Luer & H. Butcher 1371 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis spectabilis Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 34. 1925. = Specklinia spectabilis (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Pupulin & Karremans
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: Santa Fé, Feb. 1924, 1500 ft, C.W. Powell 382 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Pleurothallis tantilla Luer, Selbyana 5: 183. 1979. = Trichosalpinx tantilla (Luer) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic in cloud forest above El Valle, alt. 1000 m, 6 Mar 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Taylor & R.L. Dressler 1078 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis telamon Luer, Selbyana 5: 185. 1979.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic in cloud forest near El Copé, May 1977, R.L. Dressler s.n., cultivated at SEL, C. Luer 2112 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis thymochila Luer, Selbyana 3(3/4): 398. 1977. = Stelis thymochila (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic along the El Llano-Carti road, alt. ca. 350 m, 3 Mar 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Taylor & R.L. Dressler 992 (holotype, SEL; detail of type, SEL).

Pleurothallis titan Luer, Selbyana 3 (3/4): 400. 1977.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest above the Fortuna dam camp site, alt. 1000 m, Aug 1976, cult. at SEL, greenhouse acc. no. 123-76-20, R.L. Dressler s.n. (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis trachychlamys Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 23. 1922. = Myoxanthus trachychlamys (Schltr.) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Panama: "auf Hügeln bei Panama-City", C.W. Powell 215 (holotype, B, destroyed), lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES; isolectotypes, AMES, MO). Superfluously designated by Luer (1992).

Pleurothallis tropida Luer, Phytologia 49: 219. 1981. = Trichosalpinx tropida (Luer) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic in an old orange grove in the hills above El Valle, alt. 1000 m, 2 Sept 1976, C. Luer & H. Butcher 1120 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis veraguacensis Luer, Selbyana 3(3/4): 402. 1977. = Pleurothallis cordifolia Rchb.f. & H.Wagener
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: epiphytic in the cloud forest near the continental divide above Santa Fé, alt. ca. 700 m, 5 Sept 1976, C. Luer & R.L. Dressler 1141 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis verecunda Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 24. 1922. = Acianthera verecunda (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 91 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23795; isolectotype, MO-955945; drawing of type, AMES-26852; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 37, nr. 147].).

Pleurothallis volcanica Luer, Selbyana 3(3/4): 406. 1977.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest near Río Chiriquí west of Volcán, alt. 1500 m, 12 Sept 1976, C. Luer & H. Butcher 1260 (holotype, SEL).

Pleurothallis wagneri Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 141. 1921. = Stelis wagneri (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, Apr 1858, M. Wagner 25 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Luer (1998), AMES).

Pleurothallis williamsii Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 120. 1922. = Trichosalpinx dura (Lindl.) Luer
TYPE: Panama. Cana and vicinity, 17 Apr-8 Jun 1908, 2000-6500 ft alt., R.S. Williams 976 (holotype, AMES; isotype, NY).

Polycycnis tortuosa Dressler, Orquideología 12: 120. 1977.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé, cerca del Aserradero El Copé, aprox. 9 km al norte de El Copé; 2 Oct 1977, R.L. Dressler 5731 (holotype, US).

Polystachya panamensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 49. 1922. = Polystachya foliosa (Hook.) Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. auf Hügeln bei Panama, C.W. Powell 122 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23834; isolectotype, MO-955968).

Polystachya powellii Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 7: 31. 1924. = Polystachya foliosa
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, west side of Caldera River, in gulch opposite Lino, alt 4000 ft, C.W. Powell 343 (holotype, AMES).

Ponera amethystina Rchb.f. in W.W.Saunders, Refug. Bot. 2(1): 93. 1872. = Scaphyglottis stellata Lodd. ex Lindl.
TYPE: [Panama]. Sent from Santa Fé de Veraguas, by the late Mr. Skinner, to W. Wilson Saunders, G.U. Skinner s.n. (holotype, W).

Ponera behrii Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 220. 1855. = Scaphyglottis behrii (Rchb.f.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl.
TYPE: [Panama]. Chagres: Dr. Med. Behr. Eingeführt durch Hrn. Keferstein, cultivirt von Hrn. Lehmann (holotype, W; illustration of type, AMES).

Prescottia panamensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 357. 1920. = Prescottia oligantha (Sw.) Lindl.
TYPE: Panama. In savannas, Cerro Vaca, Chiriquí, 900-1100 m, Dez. 1911, H. Pittier 5358 (holotype, B, destroyed; illustration of type, AMES).

Pseudepidendrum spectabile Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 733. 1852. = Epidendrum pseudepidendrum Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. J. Warscewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Psilochilus dressleri Kolan., Phytotaxa 175 (1): 55–57. 2014.
TYPE: Panama. Darién: Ridge north of Cerro Pirre, 1050–1200 m, 12 July 1977. R.L. Dressler 5663 (holotype, FLAS).

Restrepia aberrans Luer, Orquideología 20: 117. 1996.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: epiphytic in forest above Chiriquí Grande, alt. 350 m, 17 Feb 1985, collected by C Luer, J. Luer, R. Dressler & K. Dressler, flowered in cultivation by A. & P. Jesup in Bristol, CT., 26 Apr 1987, C. Luer 10612 (holotype, MO).

Restrepia filamentosa Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 19, fig. 3. 1925. = Restrepia trichoglossa F.Lehm. ex Sander
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Horquita, Oct 1923, C.W. Powell 344 (holotype, AMES).

Restrepia powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 25. 1922. = Restrepia muscifera (Lindl.) Rchb.f. ex Lindl.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí auf umgefallenen Bäumen, 4000 ft., C.W. Powell 123 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-26759; isolectotypes, AMES, MO).

Rodriguezia secunda var. panamensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 75. 1922. = Rodriguezia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav.
TYPE: Panama. auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 79 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-28148; isolectotypes, AMES, K, MO-955932).

Rolfea powellii Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 7: 32, fig. 6. 1924. = Palmorchis powellii (Ames) C.Schweinf. & Correll
TYPE: Panama. Juan Diaz: near Panama City, found in damp places in dense shade. Aug-Sept 1923, C.W. Powell 325 (holotype, AMES; isotype, AMES).

Salpistele adrianae Luer & Sijm, Selbyana 30(1): 18. 2009. = Stelis deutroadrianae J.M.H.Shaw
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: near San Felix, alt. 1700 m., collected by T. & A. Sijm, 16 Oct 2001, flowered in cult. in Vanhuizen, the Netherlands, Oct 2008, A.P. Sijm 220411 (holotype, MO).

Salpistele brunnea Dressler, Orquideología 14: 6. 1979. = Stelis brunnea (Dressler) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Colorado, aprox. 50 km al norte de San Félix, aprox. 1300 m alt.; 19 Aug 1975, R.L. Dressler 5124 (holotype, US; isotype, PMA).

Salpistele dressleri Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 39: 128. 1991. = Stelis cymbisepala Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Fortuna, collected by R.L. Dressler, sent to J&L Orchids, Easton, CT, ca. 1979, flowered in cult. 25 Apr 1987, C. Luer 12820 (holotype, MO).

Salpistele lutea Dressler, Orquideología 14: 8. 1979. = Stelis maculata Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Colorado, aprox. 50 km al norte de San Félix, alt. 1300 m, 19 Aug 1975, R.L. Dressler 5125 (holotype, US).

Salpistele parvula Luer & Dressler, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 39: 132. 1991. = Stelis gnoma Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Coclé: hills north of El Valle de Antón, alt. ca. 900 m, 3 Dec 1978, R.L. Dressler 5832 (holotype, MO; isotype, FLAS).

Sarcoglottis hunteriana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 13. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. In Tälern zwischen Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 147 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991a), AMES-23776; isolectotypes, K, MO-955987; drawing of type, AMES-26776).

Sarcoglottis neglecta Christenson, Lindleyana 6: 133. 1991.
TYPE: Panama. San Juan, upper reaches of the Chagres river, sea level, flowers green, Feb 1924, C.W. Powell 388 (holotype, AMES; isotypes, AMES, MO).

Sarcoglottis powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 14. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 179 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991a), AMES-25015; isolectotype, MO-956012; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 11, nr. 41].).

Scaphosepalum clavellatum Luer, Selbyana 3(1/2): 32. 1976.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic along the Altos de Pacora road, alt. 650 m, 4 Mar 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Taylor & R.L. Dressler 748 (holotype, SEL).

Scaphosepalum elasmatopus Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 204. 1913. = Scaphosepalum microdactylum Rolfe
SYNTYPES: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in damp forest between Alto de las Palmas and Cerro de Horqueta, alt. 2100-2300 m, Mar 1911, H. Pittier & W.R. Maxon 3229 , H. Pittier & W.R. Maxon 5730, H. Pittier & W.R. Maxon 5484 (B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Luer (1988), drawing of type, AMES; isolectotype, US).

Scaphosepalum longirepens Ames, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 153. 1921. = Scaphosepalum microdactylum Rolfe
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: humid forest of the Cordillera, east of the Río Caldera, 17-19 Feb 1918, 2000 m alt., Killip 3567 (holotype, AMES; isotype, Rochester Academy of Science, US).

Scaphosepalum panamense Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 205. 1913. = Masdevallia livingstoneana Roezl ex Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. im Wäldern am Río Indio de Gatún, ungefähr bei Meereshïhe, blühend im Feb 1911, H. Pittier 2803 (holotype, B, destroyed; drawing of type, AMES).

Scaphosepalum viviparum Luer, Selbyana 2: 390. 1978.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Tute, alt. 900 m, Jan 1977, R.L. Dressler s.n., cultivated at SEL-77-3, flowered in cult. 21 Aug 1977, C. Luer 1820 (holotype, SEL).

Scaphyglottis chlorantha B.R.Adams, Phytologia 64: 249. 1988.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: Cerro Jefe, 29 Oct 1980, K. Sytsma 2003 (holotype, MO).

Scaphyglottis clavata Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 11(4): 311. 2004.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: San Félix, arriba de San Félix, flowered in cult. April 2000, R.L. Dressler 6287 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Scaphyglottis dolichophylla Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 28. 1922. = Scaphyglottis laevilabia Ames
TYPE: Panama. auf Hügeln östlich von Panama City, C.W. Powell 126 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), K; drawing of type, AMES-26781; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 43, nr. 171].).

Scaphyglottis gigantea Dressler, Orquídea (Mexico City) 7: 234. 1979.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, Cerro Hornito, NNE of Gualaca, about 1700 m., semi-cloud forest, 15 Dec 1976, R.L. Dressler 5533 (holotype, US; isotypes, PMA, SEL).

Scaphyglottis laevilabia Ames, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 154. 1921.
TYPE: Panama. on branch of tree in dense forest, 2 miles east of Juan Diaz, 60 m, 2 October 1917, Ellsworth P. Killip 3113 (holotype, AMES; isotype, AMES, Rochester Academy of Science, US).

Scaphyglottis monspirrae Dressler, Novon 10(3): 199. 2000.
TYPE: Panama. Darién: Cerro Pirre, elev. 1200-1400 m, 15-16 July 1977, R.L. Dressler 5668 (holotype, MO).

Scaphyglottis panamensis B.R.Adams, Phytologia 64: 251. 1988.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: summit of Cerro Jefe near Radio Towers, 30 Nov 1983, H.W. Churchill 3942 (holotype, MO)

Scaphyglottis powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 28. 1922. = Scaphyglottis mesocopis (Endrés & Rchb.f.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, 3000-4000 ft. C.W. Powell 134 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES; isotypes, AMES, MO-955976, K; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 44, nr. 173].).

Scaphyglottis robusta B.R.Adams, Phytologia 64: 253. 1988.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: El Llano-Carti-Tupile road, 10-12 km N of Inter-Am. Highway, 9 Jan 1975, J.L. Luteyn & R.L. Wilbur 4679 (holotype, DUKE).

Scaphyglottis tenella L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 423, tab. 24. 1941.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic, hills north of El Valle de Antón, alt. 800-1000 m, 21 Nov 1940, P.H. Allen 2276 (holotype, AMES; photo of type, K).

Scaphyglottis unguiculata Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 206. 1913. = Scaphyglottis longicaulis S.Watson
TYPE: Panama. Colón: Loma de la Gloria, bei Fato, in Wäldern, 10-104 m, blühend im Jul-Aug 1911, H. Pittier 4090 (holotype, B, destroyed; isotype, US).

Selenipedium chica Rchb.f., Xenia Orchid. 1: 3. 1854.
TYPE: Panama. Vanilla en árbol des Panaméniens. E.P. Duchassaing s.n. misit 1851 (holotype, W; isotype, P; illustration of type Xenia Orch. 1: 3, t. 2. 1854; GOET).

Sievekingia butcheriDressler, Orquideología 13: 221. 1979.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé, La Mesa, al norte de El Valle de Antón, 6 nov 1976, H. Butcher s.n. (holotype, US).

Sigmatostalix abortiva L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 284. 1940. = Oncidium abortivoides M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams
TYPE: Panama. Canal Zone: Quebrada López, 30 m alt., sepals and petals yellow, lip white, 11 Feb 1940, P.H. Allen 2121 (holotype, MO).

Sigmatostalix brownii Garay, Caldasia 10: 236. 1968. = Oncidium brownii (Garay) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams
TYPE: Panama. without proper locality. Cultivated by Mr. Henry Brown, Miami, H. Brown s.n. (holotype, AMES).

Sigmatostalix racemifera L.O.Williams in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 285 (t. 36). 1940. = Oncidium picturatissimum (Kraenzl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: vicinity of El Valle, 600-100 m alt., flowers yellow, 8 Dec 1938, P.H. Allen 1232 (holotype, MO).

Sobralia allenii L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 336. 1942.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: epiphytic, trail to La Mesa, hills north of El Valle de Antón, alt. ca. 1000 m, 31 Aug 1941, sepals and petals white, labellum pale yellow, P.H. Allen 2686 (holotype, AMES).

Sobralia bletiae Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 713. 1852.
TYPE: "Chiriquí" Panama, Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W; illustration of type, AMES).

Sobralia bouchei Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 10: 4. 1930. = Sobralia wilsoniana Rolfe
TYPE: Panama. March-April 1930, alt 2200 ft, terrestrial and epiphytic, A.M. Bouché s.n. (holotype, AMES).

Sobralia citrea Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 74(12): 937. 2005.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: El Valle de Antón, 800-1000 m, flowered in cult. Aug 2001, R.L. Dressler 6338 (holotype, MO; isotypes, FLAS, PMA, SEL).

Sobralia crispissima Dressler, Lankesteriana 5: 10. 2002.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: al oeste de Volcán, carretera a Río Sereno, alt. 1200 m, 25 August 2001, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 223 (holotype, MO; isotypes, PMA, FLAS).

Sobralia dariensis Kolan., Orchids Darién Gap 39. 2014.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. Darién. Cana-Causi Trail, 5-500 ft, 15 March 1940, Terry & Terry 1548 (holotype, F).

Sobralia decora var. aerata P.H.Allen & L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 337, tab. 31. 1942. = Sobralia atropubescens Ames & C.Schweinf.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: bad lands south of El Valle de Antón, alt. ca. 500 m, 18 Sep 1941, flowered in collection of A. M. Bouché, Pedro Miguel, Canal Zone, P. H. Allen 2755 (holotype, AMES).

Sobralia epiphytica Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 213. 1913. = Sobralia bletiae Rchb.f.
SYNTYPES: Panama. in der Umgebung von Culebra, Kanalzone, 50-150 m, H. Pittier 4780 (B, destroyed, US, W). Panama. an Baumstämmen in den Wäldern am Río Indio de Gatún, Kanalzone, R. Maxon 4829 (B, destroyed, US, W).

Sobralia exigua Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 74(12): 938. 2005.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cordillera, epiphytic, 800-1100 m, flowered in cult. 12 Jul 2003, R.L. Dressler 6365B (holotype, MO).

Sobralia fenzliana Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 714. 1852.
TYPE: Panama. "Chiriquí Cordilleren 1-2000'", J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W; illustration of type, AMES).

Sobralia fuzukiae Dressler & Bogarín, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 76(9): 696. 2007. = Sobralia quinata Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Culebra, pressed from cult. 9 Jan 2007, R. L. Dressler 6810 (holotype, PMA; isotype, JBL-spirit).

Sobralia gloriana Dressler, Lankesteriana 5: 11. 2002.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: Area de El Valle de Antón, Alt. 800-1000 m, 23 julio 2001, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 212 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Sobralia × intermedia P.H.Allen, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 27: 534. 1958.
TYPE: Panama. Cabeceras del Río Mata Ahogado, near El Valle de Antón, Rep. de Panama, 1200 ft. P.H. Allen 2670 (holotype, not stated).

Sobralia kruskayae Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 74(12): 939. 2005.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: El Valle de Antón, flowered in cultivation Jul-Aug 2003, R.L. Dressler 6383 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Sobralia labiata Warsz. & Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 714. 1852.
TYPE: Panama. "Schorche Berg in Chiriquí", J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W; illustration of type, AMES).

Sobralia lindleyana Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 713. 1852.
TYPE: [Panama]. "Chiriquí", J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Sobralia macrophylla Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 713. 1852.
TYPE: [Panama]. Chiriquí, J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Sobralia maduroi Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 73(10): 776. 2004.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, region of Boquete, 1800-2200 m, 19 Jul 2001, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 206 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Sobralia mariannae Dressler, Lankesteriana 5: 13. 2002.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: Cerro Jefe, flowered in cultivation 24 May 2002, epiphyte, flower white, callus yellow, brown at base, fragrant, R.L. Dressler 6352 (holotype, MO).

Sobralia mireyae Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 76: 700–701. 2007. = Sobralia citrea Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: La Pintada; flowered in cult. 30 May 2006, R. L. Dressler 6707 (holotype, PMA; isotype, JBL-spirit).

Sobralia nutans Dressler, Lankesteriana 5: 13. 2002.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Km. 63, al norte de Fortuna, alt. 1050 m, 9 sep. 2001, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 236 (holotype, MO; isotypes, PMA, SEL).

Sobralia panamensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 11. 1922. = Sobralia fenzliana Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. Bei Panama-City, in Tälern; auch längs der Hinterwässer des Gatun-Sees, ziemlich häufig, C.W. Powell 21 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23770; isolectotypes, AMES-23769, K-K000463288, K000463289, MO-955891, MO-961330).

Sobralia panamensis var. albiflos Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 11. 1922. = Sobralia fenzliana
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama-City, Powell 31 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23711; isolectotype, K).

Sobralia powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 11. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. An den Hinterwässern des Gatun-Sees, selten C.W. Powell 2. (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23774, isolectotypes, AMES-23773, MO-955874, MO-955875).

Sobralia recta Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 74(12): 939. 2005.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro, 800 m., floreció en cultivo 12 Sept 2002, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 295 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Sobralia rolfeana Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 12. 1922. = Sobralia macrophylla Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. Am Gatun-See, C.W. Powell 3 (holotype, B, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23768; isolectotype, MO-955876).

Sobralia sanfelicis Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 73(10): 777. 2004.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Colorado, Dist. San Félix, cult. Finca Drácula, flowered in cultivation 20 Aug 2002, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 269 (holotype,MO; isotype, PMA).

Sobralia sororcula Dressler, Orquideología 25(1): 39. 2007.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: Los González, Noreste de Santa Fé, probablemente de 800-1000 m, floreció en cult. Aug 2004, R.L. Dressler 6415 (holotype, PMA; illustration of type; photo of type).

Sobralia sotoana Dressler & Bogarín, Lankesteriana 9(3): 482. 2010.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas, collected near road north of Santa Fé de Veraguas, flowered in culture in Jardín Botánico Lankester, pressed from cultivation, 8 August 2009, R.L. Dressler 7168 (holotype, CR; isotype, JBL-spirit).

Sobralia suaveolens Rchb.f., Gard. Chron., n.s., 9: 622. 1878. = Sobralia bletiae
TYPE: [Panama]. It was introduced from Colon (Aspinwell) in Central America by Mr. Stanger (once the Orchid grower of late Consul Schiller, now professor of a good nursery, and a member of the directorial comittee of our Gartenbau Gesellschaft), who presented it to the Botanical Garden, where it flowered in March under M. Donat's care (holotype, W).

Sobralia theobromina Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 74(12): 940. 2005.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: El Valle de Antón, 800-1000 m, cult. en Finca Drácula, floreció 12 Sept 2002 "la chocolatosa", A. Maduro & E. Olmos 293 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Sobralia tricolor Dressler, Orchids (West Palm Beach) 74(12): 941. 2005.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: El Valle de Antón, 800-1000 m, floreció en Finca Drácula, 12 Sept 2002, Maduro & Olmos 297 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Sobralia valida Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1909: 65.
TYPE: Panama. near the Darien Gold Mines. Received from Messrs. Sander & Sons and flowered at Kew in June 1907. It was obtained by Dr. Hodgkinson, The Grange, Wilmslow, Sander & Sons s.n (holotype, K).

Sobralia warszewiczii Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 714. 1852.
TYPE: Panama. "Chiriquí 6000'", J. Warscewicz s.n. (holotype, W).

Specklinia absurdaBogarín, Karremans & R.Rincón, Phytotaxa 115 (2): 31–41. 2013.
TYPE: Costa Rica-Panama. Puntarenas-Chiriquí: Coto Brus-Renacimiento, línea fronteriza hacia el Cerro Pando, después del mojón N.338, 8°55’11.22” N 82°43’18.18” W, 2446 m, bosque muy húmedo montano bajo, epífita en bosque primario, “in sylvis virginis versus montium Pando in itinere ad summum Costa Rica austro-orientalis in finibus utrimque Costa Rica et Panama”, 19 April 2011, D. Bogarín 8711, D. Jiménez & A. Karremans (holotype, CR; isotypes, JBL, PMA, UCH, USJ).

Sphyrastylis dressleri Toscano, Lindleyana 14: 24. 1999. = Ornithocephalus dressleri (Toscano) Toscano & Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Province of Panama: top of Cerro Jefe near antenna, elev. 1000 m, 17 Oct 1977, J.P. Folsom & R. Page 5942 (holotype, MO).

Spiranthes subpandurata Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. 8: 4. 1925. = Beloglottis subpandurata (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Garay
TYPE: Panama. Upper Chagres River Range, Jan-Feb 1924, C.W. Powell 377 (holotype, AMES).

Spiranthes woodsonii L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 337. 1942. = Sarcoglottis woodsonii (L.O.Williams) Garay
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: vicinity of Boquete, alt. 1200-1500 m, 24-26 Jul 1940, flowers pale green, R.E. Woodson, Jr. & R.W. Schery 753 (holotype, AMES).

Stanhopea amoena Klotzsch, Allg. Gartenzeitung 20(35): 273–274. 1852. TYPE: [Panama] Herr Kunzt und handelsgärtner L. Mathieu in Berlin, in dessen häusern diese neue und schöne urt gegenwärtig (unsangs uugust) in Blüthe prangt, erhielt dieselbe von dem Herrn von Warszewicz vom Chiriqui Bulsan aus Central America, J. Warszewicz s.n. (B?). = Stanhopea wardii G. Lodd. ex Lindl.

Stanhopea avicula Dressler, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 58: 885. 1989.
TYPE: Panama. Darién: Cerro Tacarcuna, elev. about 1500 m.; Feb 1980; flowered in cult. 13 Feb 1982, K.R. Reading & R.R. Tasker s.n. (holotype, MO; isotype, FLAS; photo of the plant that served as the holotype).

Stanhopea maduroi Dodson & Dressler, Orquideología 21: 62. 1998.
YPE: Panama. collected by Andrés Maduro at Valle de Antón, ca. 1000 m, 28 Nov 1985, C.H. Dodson 16259 (holotype, RPSC).

Stanhopea panamensis N.H.Williams & Whitten, Lindleyana 3(1): 9. 1988.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Campana approx. 50 km SW of Panama City, elev. ca. 900 m, Flowered in cultivation at University of Florida, accession number UF-80, M.W. Whitten 909 (holotype, FLAS; isotype, SEL).

Stanhopea warszewicziana Klotzsch, Allg. Gartenzeitung 20: 274. 1852.
TYPE: [Panama]. Der Herr Kunzt und handelsgärtner Mathieu, in dessen Orchideenhause diese Pflanze ende Juli in voller Blüthe steht, erhielt sie von dem Herrn von Warszewicz, dessen Namen sie sührt, aus dem Chiriquí Gebirge in Central America, Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, B).

Steliopsis anneliesae Brieger, Die Orchideen 8(1A): 458. 1976. nom. nud.
TYPE: Panama. 1972, Anon s.n. (holotype, not stated).

Stelis allenii L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 338. 1942.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: hills north of El Valle de Antón, alt. 800 m, 10 Apr 1942, flowers nearly black, P. H. Allen 2952 (holotype, AMES; isotype, AMES).

Stelis atrorubens L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 239. 1942.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: hills north of El Valle de Antón, trail to LAs Minas, 2 Dec 1941, flowers maroon, P. H. Allen 2876 (holotype, AMES; isotype, MO).

Stelis butcheri Luer, Phytologia 49: 224. 1981.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest above Guadalupe, alt. ca. 2000 m, 1 Sept 1976, H. Butcher s.n. sub C. Luer 1101 (holotype, SEL).

Stelis chiriquensis Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Ab. 2: 386. 1918. = Stelis despectans Schltr.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Humid forest between Alto de las Palmas and top of Cerro de la Horqueta, 2100-2268 m, Mar 1911, H. Pittier 3228 (holotype, B, destroyed; isotype, AMES; drawing and photo of type, AMES).

Stelis collina Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 15. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln bei Panama City, C.W. Powell 180 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23780, AMES; isolecotype, MO-956013; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 21, nr. 83].).

Stelis crescentiicola Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 442. 1920.
TYPE: Panama. An Bäumen, besonders Crescentia, am Río Chagres, April, F.C. Lehmann 4540 (holotype, B, destroyed, illustration of type, AMES).

Stelis dressleri Luer, Phytologia 49: 227. 1981.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: epiphytic in cloud forest above Santa Fé, alt. ca. 700 m, 5 Sept 1976, C. Luer & R.L. Dressler 1146 (holotype, SEL; detail of holotype, SEL).

Stelis eximia Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 6: 54. 1923. = Stelis superbiens Lindl.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, Caramilla [Jaramillo?], C.W. Powell 312 (holotype, AMES).

Stelis fimbriata R.K.Baker, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 68, fig. 1. 1968. = Stelis ciliaris Lindl.
TYPE: Panama. Cerro Jefe, in mossy forest near summit, alt. 2900 ft, 11 Feb 1967, R.K. Baker 249 (holotype, MO).

Stelis gratiosa Luer, Selbyana 5: 192. 1979. = Stelis ciliaris
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Jefe, alt.1000 m, 2 March 1976, cult. at SEL, greenhouse acc. no. 43-76-155, flowered in cult. 8 May 1977, C. Luer. J. Luer & P. Taylor 1619 (holotype, SEL).

Stelis inaequalis Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 4: 12. 1923. = Stelis glossula Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. Near San Juan in the foothills of the upper reaches of the Chagres River, sea level, C.W. Powell 272 (holotype, AMES).

Stelis isthmi Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 16. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Bei Arrajan, westlich des Kanals, ungefähr auf Seehöhe, C.W. Powell 232 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23777; isolectotype, MO-956043).

Stelis loculifera Luer, Phytologia 49: 229. 1981.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Colorado above Camp Escopeta, alt. 1700 m, Feb 1977, cult. at SEL-77-1901, flowered in cult. 4 May 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & R.L. Dressler 1614 (holotype, SEL; detail of the holotype, SEL).

Stelis longipetiolata Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 1: 6. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, humid forest between Alto de las Palmas and top of Cerro de la Horqueta, alt 2100-2268 m, 18 Mar 1911, W.R. Maxon 5460 (holotype, US).

Stelis maduroi Luer & Sijm, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 112: 111. 2007.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro, obtained from Finca Dracula 7 Oct.2001, cultivated in the Netherlands, Oct 2006, T. Sijm 220728 (holotype, MO).

Stelis maxonii Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Ab. 2: 389. 1918.
TYPE: Panama. Humid forest along 'the upper Caldera-River, Holcombs trail, above El Boquete, Chiriquí, 1450-1650 m, March 1911, William R. Maxon 5697 (holotype, B, destroyed; drawing and photo of type, AMES).

Stelis meganthera Luer, Selbyana 22: 122. 2001.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Colorado, alt. 650-700 m, 16 Feb 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. & K. Dressler 1453 (holotype, SEL).

Stelis megapetala Luer, Selbyana 22(2): 124. 2001.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé: El Valle, alt. ca. 1000 m, Sept 1976, C. Luer & H. Butcher 1264 (holotype, SEL).

Stelis montana L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 272. 1940.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: trail from Cerro Punta to headwaters of Río Caldera, 2250-2500 m, 4 Jan 1939, P.H. Allen 1463 (holotype, MO).

Stelis oscitans Luer, Lindleyana 11: 105. 1996.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: forest near the Fortuna Dam, alt. 1100 m, 16 Feb 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Dressler & K. Dressler 10575 (holotype, MO).

Stelis panamensis Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Ab. 2: 391. 1918. = Stelis gracilis Ames
TYPE: Panama. Forests of the upper Mamoni-River, 150-400 m, Oct 1911, H. Pittier 4490 (holotype, B, destroyed; isotype, AMES).

Stelis parvibracteata Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 131. 1922. = Stelis argentata Lindl.
TYPE: Panama. Cana and vicinity, 27 Apr 1908. On trees, flowers purplish, 6000 ft. alt., R.S. Williams 972 (holotype, AMES).

Stelis powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17:16. 1922. = Stelis gigantea Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
TYPE: Panama, Chiriquí, c. 4000 Fuss ü. M., C. W. Powell 247 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23778; isolectotype, MO-956053).

Stelis praemorsa Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 17. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Auf Hügeln, östlich von Panama City, C.W. Powell 234 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23799; drawing of type, AMES-26805).

Stelis sarcophylla Luer, Phytologia 49: 238. 1981.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in scrubby trees on the Llanos del Volcán, alt. 1500 m, 10 Sept 1976, cult. at SEL, flowered in cult. 15 Oct 1976, C. Luer & H. Butcher 1245 (holotype, SEL; detail of holotype, SEL).

Stelis semperflorens Luer, Phytologia 49: 238. 1981.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 2 Mar 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Taylor & R.L. Dressler 966 (holotype, SEL; detail of the holotype).

Stelis triaristata Luer, Selbyana 5: 193. 1979.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: epiphytic in cloud forest along the Altos de Pacora road, alt. ca. 350 m, March 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.L. Dressler & P. Taylor 2109 (holotype, SEL; detail of the holotype, SEL).

Stelis umbelliformis Hespenh. & Dressler, Orquideología 6: 21. 1971.
TYPE: Panama. Colón: camino madero de Santa Rita, aprox. 20 kms al este de Colón; 15 Oct 1969, con baño morado, H.A. Hespenheide & R.L. Dressler 2266 (holotype, US; isotypes, K, MO, PH).

Stelis veraguasensis Luer, Selbyana 22(2): 126. 2001.
TYPE: Panama. Veraguas: alt. ca. 500 m, 5 Sept 1976, C. Luer & R. Dressler 1235 (holotype, SEL).

Stelis williamsii Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 133. 1922.
TYPE: Panama. Cana and vicinity, 27 Apr 1908. On trees, flowers purplish, 2000-6500 ft. alt., R.S. Williams 970 (holotype, AMES).

Stellilabium aciculare Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4(2): 471. 1999. = Telipogon acicularis (Dressler) N.H.Williams & Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Panama: Cerro Jefe (lower cafetal), 12 Mar 1969, on smaller branches of tree near stream, inflorescence to 15 cm, unbranched, flowers wine-red, R.L. Dressler 3617 (holotype, AMES; isotypes, MO, PMA).

Stellilabium butcheri Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4(2): 472. 1999. = Telipogon butchii N.H.Williams & Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic on orange tree about 1/2 mi SW of highway near Cuesta Piedra, 9 Apr 1961, flowers dull purple, H.P. Butcher 654 (holotype, SEL).

Stellilabium fortunae Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4(2): 473. 1999. = Telipogon fortunae (Dressler) N.H.Williams & Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Chriquí: Camp Hornito, Fortuna Dam site, 8º44'N, 82º18'W, 1000-1200 m, 24 Sep 1976, epiphytic, flowers wine-red, R.L. Dressler 5464 (holotype, MO).

Stellilabium morii Dressler, Harvard Pap. Bot. 4(2): 473. 1999. = Telipogon morii (Dressler) N.H.Williams & Dressler
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: N of San Félix at Chiriquí-Bocas del Toro border on Cerro Colorado copper mine road along continental divide, lower montane rain forest (cloud forest, trees to 5 m tall, 5000-5500 ft alt., 3 May 1977., epiphyte, leaves absent, flowers purple, nonresupinate, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 5813 (holotype, MO).

Stenotyla panamensis Pupulin, Orchid Rev. 117(1287): 162. 2009.
TYPE: Panama. Without exact provenance, cultivated in san Vito de Java, Costa Rica, by W. Chacón at Happy Garden greenhouses, fowered on October 27, 2005, F. Pupulin 5867 (holotype, PMA; isotype, JBL).

Systeloglossum panamense Dressler & N.H.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 39: 326. 1970.
TYPE: Panama. Panama, La Eneida, region of Cerro Jefe; pressed 25 June 1969; epiphyte in tall forest; flowers bronzy green, R.L. Dressler & N.H. Williams 3642 (holotype, US).

Telipogon bombiformis Dressler, Orchids 72: 114. 2003.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Punta, Bajo Grande, 2300 m, 10 Dic 2001, A. Maduro & E. Olmos s.n. (holotype, MO).

Telipogon butcheri Dodson & R.Escobar, Orquideología 18: 278. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cordillera, unas 4 millas al este del Volcán, ca. 1500 m, 2 Oct 1960, H.P. Butcher s.n. (holotype, RPSC; isotype, AMES).

Telipogon caulescens Dressler, Orchids 72: 114. 2003.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Boquete, por la frontera con Bocas del Toro, 2000 m, 30 Jun 2000, A. Maduro y E. Olmos 168 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Telipogon chiriquiensisDodson & R.Escobar, Orquideología 18: 281. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Epífita, pocos km arriba de Guadalupe, 2500 m, 13 sept. 1976, C.A. Luer & H. Butcher 1208 (holotype, RPSC).

Telipogon fractus Dressler, Orchideen J. 14(1): 12. 2007.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: oberhalb Guadalupe (Chiriquí), 2000-2300 m, 10 Sept 2001, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 243 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Telipogon griesbeckii Dressler, Orchids 72: 115. 2003.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Punta, Entre Ríos, 2100-2200 m, Aug. 1993, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 169 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Telipogon maduroi Dressler, Orchids 72: 116. 2003.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Punta, Altos de Respingo, 2000-2500 m, 6 Jul 2001, A. Maduro y E. Olmos 190 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Telipogon medusae Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 13(3): 211. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Punta, arriba de Guadalupe, 2000-2200 m, 19 Jul. 2001, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 209 (holotype, MO; isotypes, PMA, FLAS, SEL).

Telipogon nobilis Dressler, Orchideen J. 14(1): 12. 2007.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Punta, Las Nubes, Parque Internacional La Amistad, 3 Apr 2003, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 305 (holotype, PMA).

Telipogon nunezii Dressler, Orchideen J. 14(1): 14. 2007.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: San Félix, Cerro Colorado, prensado de cultivo, 11 Sept 2001, A. Maduro & J. Nunez 249 (holotype, PMA).

Telipogon olmosii Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 13(3): 212. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Sierra Madre, 1500-1750 m, 23 Jul. 2001, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 213 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Telipogon panamensis Dodson & R.Escobar, Orquideología 18: 284. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Bajo Choro, 1900 m, 20 Jul 1940, R.E. Woodson, Jr. & R.W. Schery 694 (holotype, MO).

Telipogon personatus Dressler, J. Orchideenfr. 13(3): 214. 2006.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Punta, arriba de Guadalupe, 2100-2200 m, 23 Jul. 2001, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 214 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Telipogon reticulatus Dressler, Orchideen J. 14(1): 14. 2007.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: above Guadalupe (Chiriquí), 2000-2300 m., Sept 2002, A. Maduro & E. Olmos 310 (holotype, MO; isotype, PMA).

Telipogon seibertii Dodson & R.Escobar, Orquideología 18: 288. 1993.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: Casita Alta, Volcán de Chiriquí, 1500-2000 m, 28 Jun-21 Jul 1938, R.E. Woodson, P. Allen & R.J. Seibert 961 (holotype, MO).

Trichocentrum panamense Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 341. = Trichocentrum capistratum Linden & Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. on bush-covered hills east of the Panama Canal, 255 m, L.J. Lipscomb s.n. (holotype, K).

Trichocentrum pfavii Rchb.f., Gard. Chron., n.s., 16: 70. 1881.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, without specific locality, 19 Nov. 1980, R. Pfau 80 (holotype, W).

Trichopilia amabilis Dressler, Orquideología 22(3): 245. 2003.
TYPE: Panama. prov. Panama: Dist. de Chimán, Río Tuti, Cerro Chucantí, colectado por N.G. Smith, floreció en cultivo 5 marzo 2000, R.L. Dressler 6346 (holotype, MO).

Trichopilia eneidae Dressler, Orquideología 22(3): 246. 2003.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Culebra, colectada por Eneida Hurtado; floreció en cult. 28 marzo 2002, R.L. Dressler 6348 (holotype, MO).

Trichopilia leucoxantha L.O.Williams, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 10: 137. 1941.
TYPE: Panama. Coclé, hills south of El Valle de Antón, about 700 m. alt., flowers pure white with yellow in throat, 15 Aug 1940, P.H. Allen 2401 (holotype, AMES).

Trichopilia maculata Rchb. f., Bonplandia 3(15-16): 215. 1855.
TYPE: [Panama] Port Chagres, gesammelt von Herrn Dr. Behr. Blühte in Herrn Keferstein's Sammlung zu Kröllwitz unter Hrn. Lehmann's Cultur, H.A. Behr s.n. (holotype, W).

Trichopilia marginata var. olivacea Rchb.f., Xenia Orchid. 2: 102. 1865. = Trichopilia marginata Henfr.
TYPE: [Panama]. Vulcano de Chiriquí auf Quercus und Cupania glabra, Januar, b. ebenda; Bilde von J. Warscewicz (holotype, W).

Trichopilia olmosii Dressler, Selbyana 22(1): 11. 2001.
TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: region of Culebra, 1000-1200 m, collected by Erick Olmos; flowered in cultivation 4 August 2000, R.L. Dressler 6288 (holotype, MO).

Trichopilia powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 77. 1922. = Trichopilia maculata Rchb.f.
TYPE: Panama. gewönlich auf Mango-Bäumen, in der Umgebung von Panama City, C.W. Powell 9 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23895; isolectotype K, MO-955882; drawing of type, AMES-26818; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 71, nr. 283].).

Trichopilia similis Dressler, Selbyana 22(1): 12. 2001.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: Cerro Jefe, 800-900 m, 3 December 1970, R.L. Dressler 3907 (holotype, MO).

Trichosalpinx dressleri Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 64: 54. 1997.
TYPE: Panama. Prov. of Panama: epiphytic in forest of Cerro Jefe, alt. ca. 1000 m, 2 Dec. 1979, R. L. Dressler 5855 (holotype, MO).

Trichosalpinx macphersonii Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 64: 66. 1997.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: vicinity of Cerro Jefe, alt. 700-800 m, 23 Jul 1988, G. McPherson 12777 (holotype, MO).

Trichosalpinx ringens Luer, Lindleyana 11: 108. 1996.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic in cloud forest, Cerro Colorado, alt. 1670 m, 15 Feb 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Dressler & K. Dressler 10539 (holotype, MO).

Trigonidium seemannii Rchb.f., Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 6: 214. 1854. = Trigonidium egertonianum Bateman ex Lindl.
TYPE: Panama. Panama: rara videtur, B. Seemann 539 (holotype, BM).

Triphora wagneri Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 139. 1921.
TYPE: Panama. Provinz Chiriquí und Veragua. Blühend im April 1858, Moritz Wagner 1778 (holotype, B, destroyed; illustration of type, AMES).

Vanilla dressleri Soto Arenas, Lankesteriana 9(3): 303. 2010.
TYPE: Panama. Colón: end of Pipeline road on Río Agua Salud, 9-10 mi N of Gamboa. Tropical wet forest. Elev. 20-50 m. Vine. Flowers greenish-yellow, lower lip white. Column yellow. Sweet smelling, 15 April 1982, S. Knapp & J. Mallet 4621 (holotype, MO).

Vanilla pauciflora Dressler, Orquideología 13: 229. 1979. = Vanilla trigonocarpa Hoehne
TYPE: Panama. Panama: carretera El Llano-Cartí, 10-15 km al N de El Llano; 3 Mar 1976, R.L. Dressler 5290 (holotype, US).

Warczewiczella caloglossa Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 216. 1913. = Stenotyla picta (Rchb.f.) Dressler
SYNTYPES: Panama. Chiriquí: feuchte Wälder von Cuesta de las Palmas an der Südseite von Cerro de la Horqueta, 1700-2100 m, blühend im Marz 1911, H. Pittier 3214 (B, destroyed; drawings of type, AMES); blühend im Marz 1911, W.R. Maxon 5510 (B, destroyed).

Xylobium powellii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 66. 1922. = Xylobium sulfurinum (Lem.) Schltr.
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí, c. 4000', C.W. Powell 117 (holotype, B, destroyed, lectotype designated by Christenson (1991b), AMES-23866; isolectotypes, K, MO-955964; drawing of type, AMES-26865; drawing published in Mansfeld [1931: t. 63, nr. 649].).

Zootrophion williamsii Luer, Selbyana 23: 41. 2002.
TYPE: Panama. Cerro Campana, collected by N.H. Williams, 20 March 1976, flowered in cultivation 30 May 1976, C. Luer 0676 (holotype, SEL).

Zosterophyllanthos dariensis Kolan. & Szlach., Richardiana 14: 106–108. 2014. = Pleurothallis dariensis (Kolan. & Szlach.) Bogarín
TYPE: Panama. San Blas/Darién: mountains between Tubualá (San Blas) and Masargandi (Darién), 300-500 m, 2 Feb 1997, R. L. Dressler 5589 (holotype, FLAS).

Zygopetalum lacteum Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 2: 1290. 1872. = Kefersteinia lactea (Rchb.f.) Schltr.
SYNTYPES: Costa Rica [?]. [Panama]. Chiriquí [Panama, Wallis s.n., not located]. Later, it was collected by M. Endrés [Costa Rica, A. R. Endrés 334, W 0019731 / Rchb. Orch. 49620]. It flow-ered some years ago with Director Linden [Panama or Costa Rica, J. Linden s.n., W 0019731 / Rchb. Orch. 49620], and is now once more in flower with Messrs. Veitch [without locality, cult. Veitch s.n., W 0019731 / Rchb. Orch. 49620]”. Lectotype designated by Pupulin (2001), W, Panama or Costa Rica. Chiriquí, cultivated by Linden s.n. [W 0019731 / Rchb. Orch. 49620].

Zygopetalum parviflorum L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28(4): 424, pl. 25. 1941. = Warreopsis parviflora (L.O.Williams) Garay
TYPE: Panama. Chiriquí: terrestrial, flowers purple, lip violet, column white, vicinity of Bajo Chorro, alt. 1900 m, 20-22 Jul 1940, R R.E. Woodson, Jr. & R.W. Schery 605 (holotype, AMES; isotypes, MO, US).


                                  

 

 
   
 
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